平面波输入下海水-海床-结构动力相互作用分析

海洋工程结构的地震反应分析是保证海洋工程结构地震安全的重要环节.由于其所处的复杂环境, 该问题涉及到流固耦合和土-结相互作用.本文基于海水、饱和海床、基岩流固耦合统一计算框架,采用Davidenkov模型和修正的Masing准则考虑饱和海床的非线性,在脉冲SV波垂直入射下, 进行了海域场地和海洋工程结构的动力响应分析. 首先,对比分析了线性自由场和非线性自由场输入情形的海域场地非线性反应,结果表明线性自由场输入时反应不合理,自由场分析和场地分析应该采用相一致的本构模型. 然后,对比分析了海床分别为线性和非线性情形时,海域场地以及海水-海床-结构体系的反应特征. 与线性海床情形相比,非线性对海床反应的影响主要由如下两方面因素控制: 一方面,非线性导致饱和海床模量减小, 饱和海床与基岩间的波阻抗比减小,由基岩到饱和海床间的反射系数和透射系数增加, 导致反应增大; 另一方面,非线性导致阻尼加大, 使海床反应减小. 对于本文算例而言,阻尼对非线性海床结果的影响占主导作用.      

核电结构土-结相互作用分析分区混合计算方法

土-结构相互作用分析是核电结构进行抗震设计和安全评估的重要环节.在核电结构的土-结相互作用分析中,阻尼和非线性是影响结构反应的重要因素. 若采用频域分析,可以方便考虑阻尼,但需通过等效线性化来考虑非线性,不适合于强震作用下的土体非线性.若采用时域分析的逐步积分方法,适合于考虑非线性,但材料阻尼一般采用瑞利阻尼模型,除了紧靠指定阻尼比的少数几个振型外,其他振型的反应将受到瑞利阻尼模型所确定的大阻尼所抑制,造成地震反应与真实情形有较大差异.若采用时域分析的模态叠加法,可合理计入阻尼效应,但模态叠加法不能考虑非线性.因此,如何合理考虑阻尼和非线性是核电结构土-结相互作用分析需要关注的问题.基于此,本文提出一种模态叠加和时步积分结合的土-结相互作用分区算法.其中,出于安全性考虑,地震作用下核电主体结构一般不允许进入非线性,因此结构可采用模态叠加方法,以便合理考虑结构阻尼;土体和基础采用显式时步积分法,可考虑土体非线性;通过人工边界条件考虑无限域的影响 (辐射阻尼).通过简单算例对该方法进行了验证,并用于CAP1400核电结构的土-结相互作用分析中,对比分析了采用模态阻尼和瑞利阻尼时核电结构和场地反应的差异,结果表明结构阻尼模型对场地的反应影响不大,但对结构反应影响明显,在实际工程中应合理选取阻尼模型.      

血液-血管耦合特性与脉搏波传播特性的关系

脉搏波既不可简单地理解为可压缩血液流体中的压力纵波，也不可简单地理解为沿固体血管传播的涨缩位移横波，而是超乎普通想象的流-固耦合和纵波-横波耦合的复杂波。从分析耦合本构关系的新途径出发，本文中提出了一个流-固耦合/纵波-横波耦合的串联模型，可为解读“位数形势”中医脉诊提供更丰富的信息。结果表明，脉搏波耦合系统的等效体积压缩模量K_s以及相应的耦合系统脉搏波传播速度c_s主要依赖于两个无量纲参数:血液-血管模量比K_b(p)/E(p)和薄壁血管径厚比D(p)/h₀，它们因人而异、因人的不同脉搏位置而异。文中定量分析了它们对c_s的影响，显示人体的K_b/E值在103数量级，从而c_s值在100～101 m/s数量级，以适应人体生理生化反应。由临床有创测量，证实脉搏体积横波与脉搏压力纵波是相耦合地以相同速度传播；还显示脉搏波是在其波阵面上具有氧合生化反应的“生物波”。此外，还讨论了“脉压放大”现象与非线性本构关系和与血管分叉处加载增强反射之间的关系，并讨论了Lewis关于重搏波形成的假设。     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测器法测定2-噁唑烷酮的含量

建立一种利用高效液相色谱结合荧光检测器准确测定2-噁唑烷酮含量的方法。样品中的2-噁唑烷酮和占吨氢醇在60℃的条件下衍生70 min后,直接进样分析。采用月旭XB-C18色谱柱,流动相为0.02 mol/L乙酸钠水溶液和乙腈,检测器波长为λex=213 nm,λem=308 nm,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温35℃的条件下。2-噁唑烷酮浓度在0.5~50.0mg/mL时,线性关系良好(R2=0.9995),检测限和定量限分别为0.005 mg/L、0.016 mg/L。该方法准确、灵敏、快速,适用于2-噁唑烷酮含量的检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定烯草酮合成废液中4-二甲氨基吡啶含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定烯草酮合成废液中4-二甲氨基吡啶含量,使用BDS Hypersil C18不锈钢柱(250mm×4.6mm),以甲醇∶水∶磷酸=60∶39.75∶0.25为流动相,使用紫外检测器,在波长254nm下进行测定。实验测定4-二甲氨基吡啶加标回收率为97.7%,变异系数为3.33%,线性相关系数为0.9994。     

(3S,4S)-4-氨基-3-羟基-6-甲基庚酸的合成

价廉易得的L-亮氨酸先以苄基同时保护氨基及羧基得(S)-2-(二苄胺基)-4-甲基戊酸苄酯,进而在碱性条件下与乙腈发生亲核取代反应得(S)-4-(二苄胺基)-6-甲基-3-氧代庚腈,再经硼氢化钠选择性还原羰基得(3S,4S)-4-(二苄胺基)-3-羟基-6-甲基庚腈,用双氧水氧化得(3S,4S)-4-(二苄胺基)-3-羟基-6-甲基庚酸,最后在Pd(OH)2/C-H2作用下脱掉苄基得到(3S,4S)-4-氨基-3-羟基-6-甲基庚酸,即(3S,4S)-statine。整个合成路线总产率为33.6%。     

Determining the Zn Content of Cherry in Field Using VNIR Spectroscopy

Visible and near-infrared(VNIR)spectroscopy is an eco-friendly method used for estimating plant nutrient deficiencies.The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using VNIR method for estimating Zn content in cherry orchard leaves under field conditions.The study was conducted in 3different locations in Isparta region of Turkey.Fifteen cherry orchards containing normal and Zn deficient plants were chosen,and 60 leaf samples were collected from each location.The reflectance spectra of the leaves were measured with an ASD FieldSpec HandHeld spectroradiometer and a plant probe.The Zn contents of leaf samples were predicted through laboratory analysis.The spectral reflectance measurements were used to estimate the Zn levels using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis method.Prediction models were created using the highest coefficient of determination value.The results show that Zn content of cherry trees can be estimated using the VNIR spectroscopic method(87.5相似文献   

高浓铀金属临界装置缓发中子有效份额测量

缓发中子有效份额βeff是反应堆动态特性的重要参数,也是相对反应性与绝对反应性之间的转换桥梁,对于以反应性作为宏观参数的检验工作具有重要意义。测量采用基于Rossi-α方法的Nelson数法开展了快临界装置βeff的实验研究。通过采用铅屏蔽、更薄的6Li玻璃闪烁体、脉冲幅度甄别三种措施,降低了γ射线对测量的影响。实验中测量了反应堆从-60￠到缓发临界之间的7个状态,最终测量得到βeff值为0.006 66,不确定度为7.88%;与理论计算数值偏差为2.15%。测量结果与理论值符合良好,表明了测量方法的有效性。     

Scale-up of bubbling fluidized beds with continuous particle flow based on particle-residence-time distribution

Few studies have investigated scale-up of the residence-time distribution（RTD） of particles in bubbling fluidized beds（BFBs） with continuous particle flow.Two approaches were investigated in this study:first,using well-known scaling laws that require changes in particle properties and gas velocity;second,using a simple approach keeping the same particles and gas velocity for different beds.Our theoretical analysis indicates it is possible to obtain similar RTDs in different BFBs with scaling laws if the plug-flow residence time(t_plug) is changed as m^0.5,where m is the scaling ratio of the bed;however,neither approach can ensure similar RTDs if t_plugis kept invariant.To investigate RTD variations using two approaches without changing t_plug,we performed experiments in three BFBs.The derivatives d?（θ）/dθ（where E（θ） is the dimensionless RTD density function and θ is the dimensionless time） in the early stage of the RTDs always varied with m-1,which was attributed to the fact that the particle movement in the early stage were mainly subject to dispersion.Using the simple approach,we obtained similar RTDs by separately treating the RTDs in the early and post-stages.This approach guarantees RTD similarity and provides basic rules for designing BFBs.     

Mass and isotopic concentrations of water-insoluble refractory carbon in total suspended particulates at Mt.Waliguan Observatory(China)

Mass concentration and isotopic values δ¹³C and ¹⁴C are presented for the water-insoluble refractory carbon（WIRC） component of total suspended particulates（TSP）,collected weekly during 2003,as well as from October 2005 to May 2006 at the WMO-GAW Mt.Waliguan（WLG） site.The overall average WIRC mass concentration was（1183±120）ng/m³（n = 79）,while seasonal averages were 2081 ±1707（spring）,454±205（summer）,650±411（autumn）,and 1019±703（winter） ng/m3.Seasonal variations in WIRC mass concentrations were consistent with black carbon measurements from an aethalometer,although WIRC concentrations were typically higher,especially in winter and spring.The δ¹³C PDB value（-25.3 ± 0.8）%.determined for WIRC suggests that its sources are C₃ biomass or fossil fuel combustion.No seasonal change in δ¹³C PDB was evident.The average percent Modern Carbon（pMC） for ¹⁴C in WIRC for winter and spring was（67.2 ± 7.7）%（n = 29）.Lower pMC values were associated with air masses transported from the area east of WLG,while higher pMC values were associated with air masses from the Tibetan Plateau,southwest of WLG.Elevated pMC values with abnormally high mass concentrations of TSP and WIRC were measured during a dust storm event.