On Determining the Percolation Reynolds Number and the Characteristic Linear Dimension for Ideal and Fictitious Porous Media

Various versions of representations of the percolation Reynolds number for porous media with isotropic and anisotropic flow properties are considered. The formulas are derived and the variants are analyzed with reference to model porous media with a periodic microstructure formed by systems of capillaries and packings consisting of spheres of constant diameter (ideal and fictitious porous media, respectively). A generalization of the Kozeny formula is given for determining the capillary diameter in an ideal porous medium equivalent to a fictitious medium with respect to permeability and porosity and it is shown that the capillary diameter is nonuniquely determined. Relations for recalculating values of the Reynolds number determined by means of formulas proposed earlier are given and it is shown that taking the microstructure of porous media into account, as proposed in [1, 2], makes it possible to explain the large scatter of the numerical values of the Reynolds number in processing the experimental data.     

土-桩-结构相互作用体系随机地震反应分析

本文采用随机振动理论与有限元技术相结合的方法，以基岩随机地震作为输入，对群桩基础和土-桩-结构相互作用体系进行了三维随机地震反应分析。文中首先以一3X3群桩基础作为分析模型，探讨了桩-土-桩动力相互作用对承台随机地震反应的影响；然后，用单自由度体系模拟上部结构，分析了上部结构惯性对桩基承台随机地震反应的影响。在此基础上，以某桥桥墩为背景，用多自由度体系模拟上部结构，建立了土-桩-结构相互作用体系的三维分析模型，获得了桩基承台的功率谱响应、以及桩顶处的主应力标准差和主应力速率标准差等结果，探讨了群桩顶部各桩主应力标准差的分布规律，得到了一些有应用价值的结果。     

基于吸力量测确定膨胀土活动带和裂隙深度

采用M itchell公式和裂隙扩展深度方程两种吸力法确定安康地区膨胀土大气影响深度和裂隙开展深度。其一通过对安康地区两处天然边坡开挖观测井,利用张力计进行不同深度处吸力值的现场量测,根据M itchell提出公式计算大气影响深度;其二根据非饱和土抗拉强度公式,建立膨胀土裂隙扩展深度方程,利用基质吸力量测结果求其理论解。结果表明,安康地区膨胀土吸力变化曲线随深度增加变幅减小,呈“波浪式”推移。M itchell公式确定安康地区膨胀土的大气影响深度为3.35m以内,裂隙深度方程确定裂隙开展深度为3.06³.14m。利用M itchell公式计算大气影响深度与膨胀土断裂理论公式确定的裂隙开展深度结果接近。     

天然盐渍土冻融循环时水盐迁移规律及强度变化试验研究

通过对新疆喀什地区12处天然盐渍土室内基本性质试验分析,选取典型天然盐渍土,在开放系统中进行反复冻融循环条件下的试验研究。研究了天然盐渍土在多次冻融循环时的水分和盐分迁移规律及强度变化特征。试验结果表明:经多次冻融循环,低液限粘土试样水分重分布与盐分重分布有很大的一致性,水分和盐分自下而上迁移;试样粘聚力自下而上线形减小,内摩擦角呈s形分布。含砂低液限粘土试样冻融循环过程中,易溶盐均随水分向冷端面迁移,离子剖面呈现中间大两端小的趋势;试样粘聚力呈反s形分布,内摩擦角均呈s形分布。     

排水粉喷桩(2D工法)加固软土地基对桩周土体强度的影响

排水粉喷桩(简称2D工法)作为一种新的软土地基处理方法,在淮盐公路软基处理中得到试用,效果良好;但是目前对其桩间土强度的变化规律还不是很清楚,本文首次通过大量现场试验,采用静力触探、十字板剪切等试验手段,测得了排水粉喷桩施工后桩间土强度变化的规律。结果显示在排水粉喷桩施工后,桩间土强度先降低,之后随着龄期的增长而提高。     

软弱地层深挖基坑中工程桩偏位分析

某软土地基上建造多栋毗邻的小高层住宅,在地下车库基坑的开挖过程中,软土流动推挤坑内桩基导致偏位。文章以上述工程为背景,借助三维有限差分程序FLAC3D,选取简化计算模型,对基坑开挖流动土体作用下工程桩的反应性状进行了模拟与分析,并与实测值进行了比较,最后讨论了影响桩基变形的相关因素,可为分析软土地区基坑开挖对坑内工程桩影响时提供一定的理论指导。     

皖中膨胀土的承载比(CBR)强度特性研究

针对皖中地区高速公路建设中遇到的膨胀土问题,选取合六叶高速公路典型土样开展了系统的承载比（CBR）特性试验研究,并在此基础上探讨了膨胀土作为路基填料的适用性。研究表明:（1）起始含水量对膨胀土CBR值影响显著,CBR最大值对应的含水量高于最佳含水量,且击实功越大,二者差值也越大;（2）CBR膨胀量随起始含水量增大而减小,起始含水量越低,CBR膨胀量就越大,路基的水稳性就越差;（3）当击实功较大时,膨胀土的最佳含水量较小,适合填筑的可变含水量范围较宽,建议现场施工控制采用重型击实标准;（4）在重型击实条件下,将弱膨胀土起始含水量控制在比最优含水量大2%⁴%范围内,能同时满足压实度和CBR值要求以用于填筑下路堤,中膨胀土作为路基填料时必须经过改性处理。研究结果对于在膨胀土地区进行公路建设具有参考意义。     

Several contributions to soil compactibility induced by cyclic loading test

To investigate the soil compactibility during the cyclic loading, three different kinds of paddy field soils were prepared so as to clarify interrelationships among stress amplitude ratio, bulk density, soil water content and pore water pressure. The presetting values of specimen include the soil water content(percent dry basis) and bulk density of 25% d.b. and 1.1 Mg/m³ respectively. The relation between the number of cyclic loading and axial strain exhibited an asymptotically increasing trend, converging toward a specific value for each experimental condition. Possible effect caused by elastic–plastic characteristics could be recognized, when axial strain for 0.5 Hz excitation becomes greater than the one of 1.0 Hz under same stress amplitude ratio. When the stress amplitude ratio took 0.1, the absolute value of axial strain of 0.5 Hz was greater than the one of 1.0 Hz, whereas its decreasing trend was recognized in the sequence of silt, clay and silty sand. The qualitative relations between pore water pressure and number of cyclic loading were also examined to scrutinize the effect of effective water pressure to the soil compactibility.     

Analysis model to simulate the cracked pipe buried in soil

This paper describes the use of the finite element method to simulate crack propagation in a pipeline in the presence of soil backfill. Since typical values for soil modulus are known, a spring element can be used to simulate the effects of backfilled soil on crack propagation. This consists of the relationship between the soil property and the stiffness of the spring element, and the effect of backfill depth on the crack propagation in the pipes. By equating crack driving force,G, in the presence of soil, to the dynamic fracture toughness of the pipeline material, a theoretical predictive capability is obtained for the first time for the gas transmission and distribution pipelines. Numerical calculations have also been carried out for the cracked pipe with backfill and without backfill.     

香港大屿山残坡积土的残余强度试验研究

粘性土的残余强度是边坡稳定性评价、桩基与土的相互作用机理研究及填土边坡设计中的重要参数。本文在综述大量文献的基础上，结合香港大屿山火山岩风化残坡积土的残余强度试验研究，分析了残余强度的测试方法和影响残余强度的因素。研究结果表明，残余强度与有效法向应力间具有明显的非线性关系；与单剪测试结果相比，多级剪测试结果明显偏高。