Preparation and Properties of Iron and Iron Oxide Nanocrystals in MgO Matrix

We have prepared α-iron and magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles in MgO matrix from a mixture of nanocrystalline Fe₂O₃ with Mg(H,O) powders calcinated in hydrogen. This procedure yielded spherical magnetic nanoparticles embedded in MgO. Transmission electron microscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy were used for structure and phase analysis. The measurements of magnetic properties showed increased coercivity of the nanocomposite samples.     

Mechanochemical Activation of Magnetite Nanoparticles

Using Mössbauer spectroscopy as a function of ball milling time, it was found that nanomagnetite behaves differently than magnetite during mechanochemical activation. The phase sequence is determined by the original particle size of the powder. Magnetite suffers a phase transformation to hematite, while nanomagnetite (d = 19nm) gives rise to superparamagnetism as effect of prolonged milling.     

The fabrication of hollow magnetite microspheres with a nearly 100% morphological yield and their applications in lithium ion batteries

Hollow Fe_3O_4(H-Fe_3O_4) microspheres were fabricated through a facile one-step solvothermal synthesis,which was performed in an ethylene glycol(EG)–diethylene glycol(DEG) mixed solvent using polyethylene glycol(PEG) as the stabilizer. The addition of DEG increased the viscosity of the system,which caused the Fe_3O_4 primary crystal to aggregate slower and the morphological yield to approach nearly 100%. The as-prepared hollow Fe_3O_4 microspheres show promise for application in lithium ion battery anodes and showed a reversible specific capacity of 453.3 mAh g~(-1) after 50 cycles at 100 mA g~(-1).     

生物磁铁矿的磁各向异性与磁接收器

磁铁矿是分布广泛且非常重要的亚铁磁材料,也广泛分布在生物体中。生物体中的磁铁矿具有完美的晶体结构,大多为超顺磁颗粒或单畴颗粒,且大多呈链状分布,具有明显的磁各向异性。生物体中存在“磁接收器”,生物磁铁矿是“磁接收器”的生物物理基础。本文中,从超顺磁磁铁矿颗粒和单畴磁铁矿颗粒的物理特性出发,主要是从它们的磁各向异性特性的基础上描述了生物磁铁矿和“磁接收器”的工作机制,即在某些条件下,在外界地磁场强度量级的磁场作用下,超顺磁颗粒或单畴颗粒可以诱导产生足够强的磁场,使邻近的晶体可以相互吸引或排斥,这些粒子间的相互作用可以改变晶体颗粒束所在的外围机体形状,而神经系统可以探测到单独的粒子束或一列粒子束的扩张或收缩,因此生物体就可以探测到磁场的方向以及强度等磁场参量。     

Fe/SiO_2纳米复合物上合成气制低碳烯烃催化性能研究

分别采用一步合成法和常规共沉淀法制备了Fe/SiO2催化剂,通过N2物理吸附、X射线衍射、透射电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和程序升温还原等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并在固定床反应器中对其费托合成制低碳烯烃的催化性能进行了评价。结果表明,与共沉淀铁基催化剂不同,采用一步合成法制备的纳米复合物主要由Fe3O4相构成,形貌呈规则球形,平均粒径为30 nm,尺寸分布窄,更容易还原。一步合成法制得的Fe/SiO2催化剂对费托合成反应具有较高的活性和低碳烯烃选择性、较低的甲烷选择性和良好的稳定性。     

Facile Green Synthesis of Magnetic Fe3C@C Nanocomposite using Natural Magnetite

One simple and environmental friendly synthesis strategy for preparing low-cost magnetic Fe\begin{document}$ _3 $\end{document}C@C materials has been facilely developed using a modified sol-gel approach, wherein natural magnetite acted as the iron source. A chelating polycarboxylic acid such as citric acid (CA) was employed as the carbon source, and it dissolved Fe very effectively, Fe\begin{document}$ _3 $\end{document}O\begin{document}$ _4 $\end{document} and natural magnetite to composite an iron-citrate complex with the assistance of ammonium hydroxide. The core-shell structure of the as-prepared nanocomposites was formed directly by high-temperature pyrolysis. The Fe\begin{document}$ _3 $\end{document}C@C materials exhibited superparamagnetic properties (38.09 emu/mg), suggesting potential applications in biomedicine, environment, absorption, catalysis, etc.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱结合红外光谱与X射线光谱的蒙药磁石质量控制方法研究

通过不同方法探究蒙药磁石的物质组成并对其进行元素含量分析。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)和X射线衍射法(XRD)对不同厂家的10批次磁石样品进行指纹图谱测定;采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定磁石所含的元素,进一步确定蒙药磁石的物质组成。结果表明,红外光谱中共有7个特征峰,468 cm-1、526 cm-1处分别为石英与四氧化三铁的特征吸收峰;XRD实验确定了9个特征峰,认定磁石指纹谱中5、7、8、9号共有峰数据与Fe3O4相符,3、4号共有峰数据与SiO2相符;通过ICP-MS法确定磁石药材中含有24种元素并测定其含量。其中Fe的含量最高,重金属及有害元素也有检出。FTIR、XRD、ICP-MS可用于磁石的结构鉴定,实验结果为磁石的质量分析奠定了基础。     

Magnetic micro‐solid‐phase extraction based on magnetite‐MCM‐41 with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of antidepressant drugs in biological fluids

A new facile magnetic micro‐solid‐phase extraction coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry detection was developed for the extraction and determination of selected antidepressant drugs in biological fluids using magnetite‐MCM‐41 as adsorbent. The synthesized sorbent was characterized by several spectroscopic techniques. The maximum extraction efficiency for extraction of 500 μg/L antidepressant drugs from aqueous solution was obtained with 15 mg of magnetite‐MCM‐41 at pH 12. The analyte was desorbed using 100 μL of acetonitrile prior to gas chromatography determination. This method was rapid in which the adsorption procedure was completed in 60 s. Under the optimized conditions using 15 mL of antidepressant drugs sample, the calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 0.05–500 μg/L (r ² = 0.996–0.999). Good limits of detection (0.008–0.010 μg/L) were obtained for the analytes with good relative standard deviations of <8.0% (n  = 5) for the determination of 0.1, 5.0, and 500.0 μg/L of antidepressant drugs. This method was successfully applied to the determination of amitriptyline and chlorpromazine in plasma and urine samples. The recoveries of spiked plasma and urine samples were in the range of 86.1–115.4%. Results indicate that magnetite micro‐solid‐phase extraction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry is a convenient, fast, and economical method for the extraction and determination of amitriptyline and chlorpromazine in biological samples.     

From Bacteria to Mollusks: The Principles Underlying the Biomineralization of Iron Oxide Materials

Various organisms possess a genetic program that enables the controlled formation of a mineral, a process termed biomineralization. The variety of biological material architectures is mind‐boggling and arises from the ability of organisms to exert control over crystal nucleation and growth. The structure and composition of biominerals equip biomineralizing organisms with properties and functionalities that abiotically formed materials, made of the same mineral, usually lack. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms underlying biomineralization and morphogenesis is of interdisciplinary interest to extract design principles that will enable the biomimetic formation of functional materials with similar capabilities. Herein, we summarize what is known about iron oxides formed by bacteria and mollusks for their magnetic and mechanical properties. We describe the chemical and biological machineries that are involved in controlling mineral precipitation and organization and show how these organisms are able to form highly complex structures under physiological conditions.