基于MIE散射理论的粒度分布测量系统研究

粒度测量广泛应用于粉体工程,测量结果直接影响粉体产品优劣。在深入研究MIE散射理论的基础上,提出一种基于改进反演算法的粒度测量系统设计方案,利用激光器、傅里叶透镜、光电传感器采集含有待测微粒信息的电信号,通过调理电路进行处理,应用改进反演算法分析得出粒度值及分布。通过实验验证,效的本文提出的设计方案能实现准确高粒度测量。     

SiO2纳米颗粒与聚氧乙烯对Pickering乳液的协同稳定作用简

研究了聚氧乙烯(PEO)与SiO2纳米颗粒对水/二甲苯体系Pickering乳液的协同稳定作用. 实验发现,PEO的存在减小了乳液液滴的平均直径,抑制了乳液的相反转,有效阻止了乳液的熟化,使乳液具有更好的稳定性. 进一步对纳米颗粒膜的流变性质进行研究,结果表明,PEO高分子促进了纳米颗粒形成更大尺寸的聚集结构,提高了其在界面上的吸附性,增强了颗粒膜的力学性能,在较小颗粒用量条件下使得Gibbs稳定性判据得到满足.     

Formation of the Interphase of a Cured Epoxy Resin Near a Metal Surface: Reactive Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Mesoscale molecular dynamics simulations are performed to analyze the curing process of an epoxy resin with polyfunctional amines on a generic surface. The coarse grained potentials were derived from all-atomistic molecular dynamics simulations using iterative Boltzmann inversion. The reactive scheme incorporates cross-linking between an epoxy resin and an amine, as well as amine adsorption on the surface. The structure of the cured network is examined and compared with equilibrium properties of the uncured system. Special attention has been paid on the implications of the surface that is believed to play a crucial role in the performance of epoxy systems.     

Fiber optical parametric amplifiers in optical communication systems

The prospects for using fiber optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) in optical communication systems are reviewed. Phase‐insensitive amplifiers (PIAs) and phase‐sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) are considered. Low‐penalty amplification at/or near 1 Tb/s has been achieved, for both wavelength‐ and time‐division multiplexed formats. High‐quality mid‐span spectral inversion has been demonstrated at 0.64 Tb/s, avoiding electronic dispersion compensation. All‐optical amplitude regeneration of amplitude‐modulated signals has been performed, while PSAs have been used to demonstrate phase regeneration of phase‐modulated signals. A PSA with 1.1‐dB noise figure has been demonstrated, and preliminary wavelength‐division multiplexing experiments have been performed with PSAs. 512 Gb/s have been transmitted over 6,000 km by periodic phase conjugation. Simulations indicate that PIAs could reach data rate x reach products in excess of 14,000 Tb/s × km in realistic wavelength‐division multiplexed long‐haul networks. Technical challenges remaining to be addressed in order for fiber OPAs to become useful for long‐haul communication networks are discussed.

     

Preparation and Properties of Poly（ether ether ketone）/Carbon Nanotube Modified Polypropylene Janus Composite Separator北大核心CSCD

Lithium-ion batteries （LIBs）have attracted wide attention because of their broad prospects in electric vehicles. However,the safety problems and low multiplier performance of the commercial polyolefin separator limit their further development,due to the poor dimensional thermal stability and low electrolyte absorption rate. Poly（ether ether ketone）（PEEK）and carbon nanotube（CNT）are compounded to coat on polypropylene （PP） to prepare Janus composite separator （PP@C） through the phase inversion method. PP@C composite separator does not deform at 180 ℃ for 0. 5 h（only slight deformation）,illustrating excellent thermal stability. The electrolyte absorption rate of PP@C2 is 193. 8%. The electrolyte uptake rate of the PP@C2 composite membrane was 193. 8%,which was 64. 5% higher than the PP membrane,showing a superduper electrolyte permeability. As a result,the specific discharge capacity of LIBs assembled with PP@C2 composite separator is 157. 6 mA·h/g at 0. 2 C and 129. 8 mA·h/g at 2 C,showing good rate performance with the capacity recovery rate of more than 99%. This might be attributed to the ultra-high thermal stability of PEEK,the good affinity of the electrolyte,the high conductivity of CNT,as well as the uniform dispersion of Li+ ,so that the separator can have excellent electrochemical performance while improving safety. © 2022, Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

Regulating the Oil-Water Interface to Construct Double Emulsions: Current Understanding and Their Biomedical Applications

Double emulsions have been extensively used in scientific researches and industrial applications due to their attractive unique feature of multiple phases. However, constructing droplets with such a complex structure is not a simple task for all time. The simultaneous existence of two contradictory interfaces makes it hard to prepare stable double emulsions in principle and in practice. Over the past century, tremendous efforts have been devoted by myriads of scientists to make progresses in both theory and preparation of double emulsions. In this review, the current understanding of double emulsions is systematically revealed. In addition to emphasizing the corresponding pioneer and landmark works as many as possible, the state-of-the-art achievements will also be discussed. By regulating the oil-water interface with smartly designed interface-active agents in combination with varying the phase volume fractions, the basic theory framework based on the phase inversion from simple emulsions to double emulsions is also summarized. Technical preparation strategies of emulsification are introduced to show the building process of the two contradictory interfaces in one system. Furthermore, some specific biomedical applications of double emulsions are also discussed, which is expected to stimulate further innovation and utilization of double emulsions.     

Fabrication of Alginate-Based O/W Nanoemulsions for Transdermal Drug Delivery of Lidocaine: Influence of the Oil Phase and Surfactant

Transdermal drug delivery of lidocaine is a good choice for local anesthetic delivery. Microemulsions have shown great effectiveness for the transdermal transport of lidocaine. Oil-in-water nanoemulsions are particularly suitable for encapsulation of lipophilic molecules because of their ability to form stable and transparent delivery systems with good skin permeation. However, fabrication of nanoemulsions containing lidocaine to provide an extended local anesthetic effect is challenging. Hence, the aim of this study was to address this issue by employing alginate-based o/w nanocarriers using nanoemulsion template that is prepared by combined approaches of ultrasound and phase inversion temperature (PIT). In this study, the influence of system composition such as oil type, oil and surfactant concentration on the particle size, in vitro release and skin permeation of lidocaine nanoemulsions was investigated. Structural characterization of lidocaine nanoemulsions as a function of water dilution was done using DSC. Nanoemulsions with small droplet diameters (d < 150 nm) were obtained as demonstrated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryo-TEM. These nanoemulsions were also able to release 90% of their content within 24-h through PDMS and pig skin and able to the drug release over a 48-h. This extended-release profile is highly favorable in transdermal drug delivery and shows the great potential of this nanoemulsion as delivery system.     

Spectral editing in solid-state MAS NMR of quadrupolar nuclei using selective satellite inversion

A sensitivity enhancement method based on selective adiabatic inversion of a satellite transition has been employed in a (pi/2)CT-(pi)ST1-(pi/2)CT spectral editing sequence to both enhance and resolve multisite NMR spectra of quadrupolar nuclei. In addition to a total enhancement of 2.5 times for spin 3/2 nuclei, enhancements up to 2.0 times is reported for the edited sites in a mixture of rubidium salts.     

溶剂诱导翻转Pickering乳液用于原位循环使用酶催化剂

Separation and recycling of catalysts are crucial for realizing the objectives of sustainable and green chemistry but remain a great challenge, especially for enzyme biocatalysts. In this work, we report a new solvent-induced reversible inversion of Pickering emulsions stabilized by Janus mesosilica nanosheets (JMSNs), which is then utilized as a strategy for the in situ separation and recycling of enzymes. The interfacial active solid particle JMSNs is carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen sorption experiments, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).The JMSNs are demonstrated to show order-oriented mesochannels with a large specific surface area, and the hydrophobic octylgroup is selectively modified on one side of the nanosheets. Furthermore, the inversion is found to be a fast process that is strongly dependent on the interfacial activity of the solid emulsifier JMSNs. Such a phase inversion is also a general process that can be realized in various oil/water phasic systems, including ethyl acetate-water, octane-water, and cyclohexane-water systems. By carefully analyzing the capacity of JMSNs with different surface wettabilities for phase inversion, a triphase contact angle (θ) close to 90° and a critical oil-water ratio of 1 : 2 are identified as the key factors to achieve solvent-induced phase inversion via a catastrophic phase inversion mechanism. Importantly, this reversible phase inversion is suitable for the separation and recycling of enzyme biocatalysts that are sensitive to changes in the reaction medium. Specifically, during the reaction, the organic substrates are dissolved in the oil droplets and the water-soluble catalysts are dispersed in the water phase, while a majority of the product is released into the upper oil phase and the enzyme catalyst is confined inside the water droplets in the bottom layer after phase inversion. The perpendicular mesochannels of JMSNs provide a highly accessible reaction interface, and their excellent interfacial activity allows for more than 10 rounds of consecutive phase inversions by simply adjusting the ratio of oil to water in the system. Using the enzymatic hydrolysis kinetic resolution of racemic acetate as an example, our Pickering emulsion system shows not only a 3-fold enhanced activity but also excellent recyclability. Because no sensitive chemical reagents are used in this phase inversion process, the intrinsic activities of the catalysts can be preserved even after seven cycles. The current study provides an alternative strategy for the separation and recycling of enzymes, in addition to revealing a new innovative application for Janus-type nanoparticles.     

Fourier Inversion Formulas in Option Pricing and Insurance

Several authors have used Fourier inversion to compute prices of puts and calls, some using Parseval’s theorem. The expected value of max (S – K, 0) also arises in excess-of-loss or stop-loss insurance, and we show that Fourier methods may be used to compute them. In this paper, we take the idea of using Parseval’s theorem further: (1) formulas requiring weaker assumptions; (2) relationship with classical inversion theorems for probability distributions; (3) formulas for payoffs which occur in insurance. Numerical examples are provided.