Hardware/Software Support for Correlation Detection in Holographic Wavefront Sensors

Optics and Spectroscopy - An algorithm that automatically calculates aberrations in the holographic wavefront sensor scheme previously proposed by the authors is described, which enables measuring...     

Decomposition of sodium hypochlorite in an aqueous solution in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) nitroxyl radical as a catalyst

Nitroxyl radical TEMPO is found to catalyze the decomposition of sodium hypochlorite in an aqueous-alkali medium. The mechanism of NaOCl decomposition to form ClO· radical is proposed which involves protonated TEMPO, oxoammonium salt TEMPO⁺, and hydroxyl radical.     

Synthesis ofLepidoptera pheromones using acetylenes

Syntheses of acetogenin pheromones using acetylene derivatives are reviewed.Institute of Petroleum Chemistry and Catalysis, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan and Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075, Ufa, pr. Oktyabrya, 141. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 12–31, January–February, 2000.     

First Example of Trifluoromethylation in the Ecdysteroid Series. Synthesis of (20RS)-20-O-Hydro-20-trifluoromethylpoststerone

The title compound was synthesized by trifluoromethylation of poststerone derivatives with trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride.     

Insect phermones and their analogues XXXVIII. Synthesis of (±)-3-methylheneicosan-2-one and (±)-2-acetoxy-3,7-dimethylpentadecane using the reductive β-vinylation of α-olefins

Schemes are proposed for the synthesis of (±)-3-methylheneicosan-2-one and (±)-2-acetoxy-3,7-dimethylpentadecane — racemic analogues of the sex pheromones of the common cockroach (Blatella germanica) and of plane sawflies of the generaDiprion andNeodiprion, respectively, using the reductive β-vinylation of α-olefins. Institute of Chemistry of the Bashkir Scientific Center, Urals Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 567–571, September–October, 1992.     

Nontrivial intramolecular interaction in ozonation of dimethyl ester of endo,cis-bicyclo[2,2,1]hept-5-en-2,3-dicarbonic acid in diethyl ether

The formation of the product of intramolecular interaction of a zwitterion and a methoxycarbonyl group was observed in the process of ozonating dimethyl ester of endo,cis-bicyclo [2,2,1]hept-5-en-2,3-dicarbonic acid in diethyl ether. The structure of racemic endo,cis-4-methoxy-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-formyl-1,4-epoxy-2,3-dioxacyclopenta[2,3-δ] cyclohexane was established by an X-ray structure analysis.     

Ozonolysis of perfluoroalkenes and perfluorocycloalkenes

Ozonolysis of 1-methoxyperfluorocyclobutene in Freon-113 followed by hydrogenation of the reaction products gave methyl hydrogen perfluorosuccinate. Under similar conditions, perfluorooct-1- and-2-enes and 4-trifluoromethyl-1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropent-2-ene were converted into perfluorinated heptanoic, hexanoic, and isobutyric acids, respectively. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1239–1241, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of bicyclohomofarnesane derivatives from bis(8α,13-epoxy-14,15-bisnorlabd-12-en-12-yl)methane — A product of the ozonolysis of sclareol

A seven-stage method of obtaining a new odoriferous product with a strong amber odor analogous to ambroxide from sclareol has been developed. It includes odoriferous oxide compounds of the tetrahydrofuran series: (VIII), (IX), (XIII), and (XIV). The key stages in the synthesis of this product are the ozonolytic cleavage of sclareol with the formation of bis(8,13-epoxy-14,15-bisnorlabd-12-en-12-yl)methane (II), its ozonolysis to bis(8-acetyl-12-oxo-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabdan-12-yl)methane (III), and the alkaline cleavage of the latter.Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR, Kishenev. Institute of Chemistry, Bashkir Scientific Center, Urals Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Ufa. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 343–349, May–June, 1991.     

Investigation of the products of the ozonolysis of larixol

On the ozonization of larixol in methanol followed by treatment with ammonium chloride, the main reaction products were 15,16,20-trisnorlabd-6-ene-8,13-dione and 6-hydroxy-8,13;8,14-diepoxy-15,20-bisnorlabd-14-one. When ozonization was performed in methanol in the presence of dimethyl sulfide or in methylene chloride in the presence of pyridine, 6,14-dihydroxy-8,13;8,14-diepoxy-15,20-bisnorlabdane and 6-hydroxy-14,50,20-trisnorlabd-8,13-dione predominated in the reaction products.Institute of Chemistry of the MSSR Academy of Sciences, Kishinev, and Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Bashkir Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Ufa. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 577–584, September–October, 1986.     

Synthesis of 2- and 4-Nitropyrimidines and 2-Nitro-sym-triazines by ozonization of hydroxyamino and nitroso derivatives

The action of ozone on aryl(methyl)-substituted 2- and 4-hydroxyamino- or -nitrosopyrimidines in chloroform gave 2- and 4-nitropyrimidines. The unambiguous character of the process depends on the molar ratio of the substrate and ozone; the side formation of azoxy-, chloro-, and hydroxypyrimidines is possible. 2-Nitro-sym-triazines were obtained by ozonization of substituted 2-hydroxyamino-sym-triazines.See [1, 2] for our preliminary communications.Deceased.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 657–661, May, 1990.