Optimization of plasma-deposited silicon oxinitride films for optical channel waveguides

In view of applications of SiO_xN_y thin films in MOEMS technology, a study of the optomechanical characteristics of the PECVD deposited material are investigated. To optimize the quality of SiO_xN_y layers we establish the relationship between the chemical properties, optical performances, micromechanical stress, and growth parameters of deposited films. To use the SiO_xN_y thin film for the core layer of a strip-loaded waveguide, we propose preparation conditions of SiO_xN_y that offer a low-loss optical waveguide with well-controlled refractive index, based on a low-internal stress multilayer structure.     

利用子波变换模拟人眼视觉信息提取过程的研究

由于人类视觉系统在对图象信息进行初级加工过程中表现出由粗到细且能使其局域化的特性,而子波变换恰恰正好具有这样的特性.本文提出了利用DOG函数作为子波基函数,模拟人眼视觉信息提取过程,并给出了两维模拟计算的结果.提出了基于子波变换理论的视觉信息提取通道模型.在文中讨论了这一模型的特点和潜在的应用前景.     

On L(d,1)-labelings of graphs

Given a graph G and a positive integer d, an L(d,1)-labeling of G is a function f that assigns to each vertex of G a non-negative integer such that if two vertices u and v are adjacent, then |f(u)−f(v)|d; if u and v are not adjacent but there is a two-edge path between them, then |f(u)−f(v)|1. The L(d,1)-number of G, λ_d(G), is defined as the minimum m such that there is an L(d,1)-labeling f of G with f(V){0,1,2,…,m}. Motivated by the channel assignment problem introduced by Hale (Proc. IEEE 68 (1980) 1497–1514), the L(2,1)-labeling and the L(1,1)-labeling (as d=2 and 1, respectively) have been studied extensively in the past decade. This article extends the study to all positive integers d. We prove that λ_d(G)Δ²+(d−1)Δ for any graph G with maximum degree Δ. Different lower and upper bounds of λ_d(G) for some families of graphs including trees and chordal graphs are presented. In particular, we show that the lower and the upper bounds for trees are both attainable, and the upper bound for chordal graphs can be improved for several subclasses of chordal graphs.     

Improved Gain Characteristics in Er3+-Doped Alumina (Al2O3) Channel Optical Waveguide Amplifiers for WDM Systems

Er3+-doped Al2O3 optical waveguides are analyzed both as single amplifiers and as elements of a 16-channel wavelength division multiplexing transmission system; their performance is compared with that from Er3+-doped SiO2 optical waveguide amplifiers. The amplifier model, based on propagation and population-rate equa tions, includes both uniform and pair-induced up-conversion mechanisms and is solved numerically by combining finite elements and the Runge-Kutta algorithm. The analysis showed that Er3+-doped Al2O3 waveguides exhibit much higher signal gains than Er3+-doped SiO2 waveguides and also that the use of Er3+-doped Al2O3 waveguides reduces the deleterious gain peaking effect, increasing the maximum transmission distance.     

Routing multiterminal nets on a hexagonal grid

Channel routing is a vital task in the layout design of VLSI circuits. Multiterminal channel routing is different from two-terminal one. While the later is quite understood, the former still poses the difficulty. In this paper, we investigate the multiterminal channel routing problem in a hexagonal model, whose grid is composed of horizontal tracks, right tracks (with slope +60°), and left tracks (with slope −60°). We present an efficient algorithm for routing multiterminal nets on a channel of width d + 3, where d is the problem density. Furthermore, we can wire the layout produced by the router using four layers and there are no overlaps among different layers. This improves the previous known results [15, 19].     

Transport across artificial membranes–an analytical perspective

Biosensors that make use of transport processes across lipid membranes are very rare even though a stimulus, the binding of a single analyte molecule, can enhance the sensor response manifold if the analyte leads to the transport of more than one ion or molecule across the membrane. Prerequisite for a proper function of such membrane based biosensors is the formation of lipid bilayers attached to a support that allow for the insertion of membrane peptides and proteins in a functional manner. In this review, the current state of the art technologies to obtain lipid membranes on various supports are described. Solid supported membranes on transparent and electrically conducting surfaces, lipid bilayers on micromachined apertures and on porous materials are discussed. The focus lies on the applicability of such membranes for the investigation of transport phenomena across lipid bilayers facilitated by membrane embedded peptides, channel proteins and transporters. Carriers and channel forming peptides, which are easy to handle and rather robust, are used frequently to build up membrane based biosensors. However, channel forming proteins and transporters are more difficult to insert functionally and thus, there are yet only few examples that demonstrate the applicability of such systems as biosensor devices.      

Colour quenching corrections on the measurement of 90Sr through Cerenkov counting

The determination of ⁹⁰Sr through the Cerenkov radiation emitted by its descendant ⁹⁰Y is a well-known method and firmly established in literature. Nevertheless, in order to obtain an accurate result based on a Cerenkov measurement, the experimental work must be extremely rigorous because the efficiency of Cerenkov counting is especially sensitive to the presence of colour. Any traces of colour in the sample produce a decrease in the number of photons detected in the photomultipliers and, therefore, this might cause a diminution in Cerenkov counting efficiency. It is essential not only to detect the effect of colour quenching in the sample but also to correct the decrease in counting efficiency. For this reason, colour quenching correction curves versus counting efficiency are usually done when measuring through Cerenkov counting. One of the most widely used techniques to evaluate colour quenching in these measurements is the channel ratio method, which consists of the measurement of the shift of the spectrum measuring the ratio of counts in two different windows. The selection of the windows for the application of the corrections might have an influence on the quality of the fitting parameters of the correction curves efficiency versus colour quenching degree and hence on the final ⁹⁰Sr result. This work is focused on the calculation of the counting efficiency decrease using the channel ratio method and on obtaining the best fitting correction curve. For this purpose, empirical curves obtained through artificial quenchers have been studied and the results have been tested in real samples. Additionally, given that the Packard Tri-Carb 3170 TR/SL liquid scintillation counter is a novel detector for use in Cerenkov counting, the previous calibration of the Tri-Carb 3170 TR/SL detector, necessary for the measurement of ⁹⁰Sr, is included.     

多极化MIMO信道特性与天线设计*

多极化MIMO技术在高频谱效率和紧凑型MIMO通信系统中具有较大的应用潜力,其信道特性与天线辐射特性和环境散射特性以及它们之间的相互作用密切相关,目前紧凑型、低耦合的多极化MIMO天线设计仍存在很大挑战。本文简要介绍和总结了多极化MIMO信道建模理论、多极化天线实现方式和信道特性测量实验等,并指出存在的一些问题和未来的研究方向。     

一种鲁棒性强的OFDM 水声通信系统*

为了在不同衰落水声信道下实现正交频分复用水声通信,该文提出了一种鲁棒性强的正交频分复用水声通信方案,方案包括编码调制、信道估计和多普勒估计等内容。为了使该系统更稳健,整个信道编码分为两个步骤。首先,循环冗余校验编码器和里德-所罗门编码器用于编码整个数据包,然后循环冗余校验编码器和Turbo 编码器用于编码每个数据帧,其中比特交织编码调制技术用来对抗信道的时变特性。为了得到水声信道估计,使用线性最小均方误差估计器来处理导频数据得到信道估计值。多普勒估计包括帧的多普勒估计和符号的多普勒估计。实验结果表明该系统在不同的衰落信道下都能实现正确的跟踪和译码,系统的鲁棒性能优越。此外,该系统算法计算简单,易于实现,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

选择性传输的仿生水通道的研究进展

水通道蛋白是对水分子具有高选择性和渗透性的跨膜蛋白。仿生水通道是由各种无机或有机材料,如碳纳米材料、有机化合物以及肽等分别自组装而成,旨在模仿天然水通道蛋白的结构和功能。本文介绍了水通道蛋白的种类、结构及其特异性透水机理,在此基础上分别对以碳纳米材料、有机及肽孔的仿生水通道的研究进展进行了综述。重点阐述了三类仿生水通道的材料特性及其对仿生水通道结构和功能的影响。最后针对现有仿生水通道的不足,提出了开发新型仿生水通道面临的挑战,并展望了仿生水通道的发展前景。