Extraterrestrial Mössbauer spectroscopy: more than 3 years of Mars exploration and developments for future missions

After almost 4 years of operating on the surface of Mars, Mössbauer spectroscopy has become a mature technique for robotic planetary exploration. The combination of quantitative information about the distribution of Fe among its oxidation and coordination states, identification of Fe-bearing phases, and relative distribution of Fe among those phases provides valuable contributions to the search for past water activity, the assessment of past environmental conditions, and the suitability for life of the two NASA Mars Exploration Rover landing sites. Experience from the Mars Exploration Rover Mission highlights needs for improvement of the instruments for future missions such as the Russian Phobos-Grunt and the European ExoMars rover.     

Crystallographic Features of the α-Phase Structure in Hafnium and Hafnium–Titanium Alloys

Technical Physics - The structure of a hafnium crystal undergoing β → α (bcc → hcp) polymorphic transformation upon gradual cooling and the structure of Hf55Ti45 and Hf30Ti70...     

Room-Temperature 2.5 eV Pulsed Cathodoluminescence Band of High-Purity Silicon Dioxide

We study the room-temperature (RT) pulsed cathodoluminescence (PCL) spectra of a set of pure synthetic (both crystalline and amorphous) silicon dioxide samples. We show that the PCL spectra of all samples (both amorphous and crystalline) possess bands with intensity maxima in the region of 487 – 500 nm (2.54 – 2.48 eV). These bands are the most intense in the PCL spectra of disordered materials. We investigate the annealing behavior of RT PCL spectra of the crystalline and amorphous samples. Annealing has no significant effect on this emission. We demonstrate that the surface area of the material plays no role in the emission of PCL bands at 415 and 490 nm in the spectra of α-quartz single crystal and crystalline powder with grain sizes of 10 – 100 μm. Our results show that the bands in the region of 2.5 eV are the universal property of all synthetic pure SiO₂ samples. The nature of the SiO₂ emission band in the region of 2.5 eV is not clear; we discuss two possible explanations. The first one is based on considering the intrinsic emission due to self-trapped exciton (STE) decay with the transient O-O (oxygen–oxygen) bond formation. The second one is based on the role of Li ions in the emission process.