Variational principles in elasticity with nonlinear stress-strain relation

Since 1979, a series of papers have been published concerning the variational principles and generalized variational principles in elasticity such as [1] (1979), [6] (1980), [2,3] (1983) and [4,5] (1984). All these papers deal with the elastic body with linear stress-strain relations. In 1985, a book was published on generalized variational principles dealing with some nonlinear elastic body, but never going into detailed discussion. This paper discusses particularly variational principles and generalized variational principles for elastic body with nonlinear stress-strain relations. In these discussions, we find many interesting problems worth while to pay some attention. At the same time, these discussions are also instructive for linear elastic problems. When the strain is small, the high order terms may be neglected, the results of this paper may be simplified to the well-known principles in ordinary elasticity problems.     

The second order approximation theory of three dimensional elastic plates and its boundary conditions without using kirchhoff-love assumptions

The first order approximation theory of three dimensional elastic plates and its boundary conditions presented in the previous paper^[1] establishes six differential equations for the solutions of six undetermined functions u_o, u_a, A_(o) and S_(2)a defined in the x, y plane. They can be divided into two groups, each constitutes three equations to calculate u_o, S_(2)a and u_a, A_(o) respectively. Their boundary conditions as well as these equations are derived from the stationary conditions of variations of a functional for this problem based on the generalized variational principle. The solutions given by this theory are close to those given by the classical theory of thin plates as the ratio of thickness h to width a is small. For large ratio, say h/a=0.3 a considerable difference arises between the two theories. It has not been made clear that in what range of the ratio such difference is reasonable to give more precise solutions. In order, to solve this problem, we must study the second order approximation theory. In this paper following the previous one, we shall establish the second order approximation theory by applying the, stationary condition of variations of a functional for this problem based on the generalized variational principle, to derive nine differential equations and the relate boundary conditions, which are used to calculate nine undetermined functions u_o u_a, A_(o), A₍₁₎, S_(2)a and S_(3)a. And the range of the validity of the first order approximation theory can be found out by comparing the second order theory with the first order theory and the classical theory. It should be pointed out here that the equations of, the second order theory can also be divided into two groups to be solved separately, and the procedure of solution is not too complicate to perform as well. Here, we will use the same notations adopted in the previous paper, and not repeat their definitions.     

Equation in complex variable of axisymmetrical deformation problems for a general shell of revolution

In this paper, the equation of axisymmetrical deformation problems for a general shell of revolution is derived in one complex variable under the usual Love-Kirchhoff assumption. In the case of circular ring shells, this equation may be simplified into the equation given by F.Tölke(1938)^[3], R.A.Clark(1950)^[4]and V.V.Novozhilov(1951)^[5]. When the horizontal radius of the shell of revolution is much larger than the average radius of curvature of meridian curve, this equation in complex variable may be simplified into the equation for slander ring shells. If the ring shell is circular in shape, then this equation can be reduced into the equation in complex variable for slander circular ring shells given by this author (1979)^[6]. If the form of elliptic cross-section is near a circle, then the equation of slander ring shell with near-circle ellipitic cross-section may be reduced to the complex variable equation similar in form for circular slander ring shells.     

Diagonalized consistent mass matrix and the dynamical finite element analysis of elastic-plastic impact in axisymmetrical problems

In this paper, the diagonalized consistent mass matrix is found for the triangular ring element in axisymmetrical problems. The results of this work eliminate the feeling of uncertainty and arbitrariness of lumped mass method on the one hand and the difficulty of computation due to non-diagonalized character of consistent mass method on the other. This paper gives also the foundations of the finite element analysis of elastic-plastic axisymmtrical impact problems.     

16个和20个自由度的四面体有限元的场函数表达式的显式

本文写出了16个和20个自由度的四面体有限元的场函数表达式的显式.它们是用体积座标L₁,L₂,L₃,L₄来表达的.     

轴对称弹性体的有限元分析

轴对称弹性力学问题的有限元分析长期以来都是采用三角圆环有限元和线性形状函数.由于积分困难,常用近似积分求得刚度矩阵,这种近似积分对于靠近旋转对称轴的元素,误差很大,所以,长期以来,被认为不满意的办法.也有用精确积分计算刚度矩阵的.但本文指出,这种积分只适用于有中孔的轴对称体.对于实心的轴对称体而言,这种刚度矩阵都不收敛,计算是无效的.本文提出了一种新的形状函数,当径向座标r接近于零时,这种形状函数的径向位移u自然地接近于零.如果用这种新的形状函数,则由此计算求得的刚度矩阵,不论三角圆环有限元的位置是否靠近轴线.都是存在的.这种有限元,就能用于计算实心的轴对称体的问题.     

弹性理论中各种变分原理的分类

本文按弹性理论中各种变分原理的约束条件的不同,对所有变分原理进行分类.我们在前文中业已指出,应力应变关系这样的约束条件是不能用拉氏乘子法解除的.剩下的可能约束条件共有四种:(1)平衡方程,(2)应变位移关系,(3)边界外力已知的边界条件,和(4)边界位移已知的边界条件.弹性理论的各种变分原理中,有的只有一种约束条件,有的有两种或三种,最多只能有四种约束条件.这样一共可能有15种变分原理,但是每种变分原理既可以用应变能A表示,又可以用余能B表示.这样,我们一共应有30种形式完全不同的变分原理,我们全部列出了这三十种形式的变分原理.     

U型波纹管的非线性特性摄动法计算

本文利用圆环壳的一般解[1],引用小参数摄动理论,求得U型波纹管的线性精确解和非线性解.     

Classification of variational principles in elasticity

In this paper, variational principels in elasticity are classified according to the differences in the constraints used in these principles. It is shown in a previous paper [4] that the stress-strain relations are the constraint conditions in all these variational principles, and cannot be removed by the method of linear Lagrange multiplier. The other possible constraints are four of them: (1) equations of equilibrium, (2) strain-displacement relations, (3) boundary conditions of given external forces and (4) boundary conditions of given boundary displacements. In variational principles of elasticity, some of them have only one kind of such constraints, some have two kinds or three kinds of constraints and at the most four kinds of constraints. Thus, we have altogether 15 kinds of possible variational principles. However, for every possible variational principle, either the strain energy density or the complementary energy density may be used. Hence, there are altogether 30 classes of functional of variational principles in elasticity. In this paper, all these functionals are tabulated in detail.     

轴对称问题的对角线化—致质量矩阵和弹塑性撞击的动力有限元分析

本文找到了轴对称问题的三角圆环有限元的对角线化一致质量矩阵,从而克服了集总质量法的粗略随意性所引起的不安,以及一致质量法的非对角线项对计算工作带来的麻烦.本文也对弹塑性轴对称撞击问题提供了动力有限元分析计算的基础.