原位反应烧结制备莫来石-锌铝尖晶石多孔陶瓷研究

以天然高岭土以及活性氧化铝、氧化锌为原料,通过添加天然长石,以石墨为造孔剂,原位反应烧结制备了莫来石-锌铝尖晶石多孔陶瓷.采用XRD、SEM、EDS能谱分析分别确定了试样的物相组成、显微结构与微区化学组成.采用阿基米德排水法与抗压强度测定法测定了试样的孔隙率与抗压强度.结果表明:当原位合成温度为1450～1500℃范围时,试样的物相组成为莫来石与锌铝尖晶石,莫来石呈针状晶须,锌铝尖晶石晶形发育良好,材料的抗压强度增加迅速,为最合适的原位合成温度.长石的加入促进了针状莫来石的形成,促进了材料的烧结,提高了多孔陶瓷的强度.     

单原子层Pd壳的Pt3Ni纳米立方体的甲酸氧化性能

通过一种结合了CO辅助合成Pt₃Ni纳米立方粒子和单原子层Cu壳欠电位沉积再置换为Pd的方法,成功制备出了具有单原子层Pd壳和Pt₃Ni纳米立方粒子核结构的Pt₃Ni@Pd/C催化剂。电感耦合等离子体元素分析、X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜法被用于研究表征此种Pt₃Ni@Pd/C催化剂,结果显示大部分Pt₃Ni纳米粒子的表面都由{100}族的晶面所构成。而且在这些{100}族的晶面上,单原子层Pd壳通过电沉积的外延生长,也获得了{100}族的晶面。本文进一步对Pt₃Ni@Pd/C作为甲酸氧化电催化剂的性能进行了研究,并与商业Pd/C和原Pt₃Ni/C催化剂进行了比较。结果显示,由于Pt₃Ni@Pd/C的单原子层Pd壳的结构和所暴露出的Pd{100}族的晶面,Pt₃Ni@Pd/C催化剂具有优异的甲酸氧化电催化性能。与原Pt₃Ni/C催化剂相比较,Pt₃Ni@Pd/C催化剂的贵金属质量比活性提高到了7.5倍。此外,与商业Pd/C催化剂相比,Pt₃Ni@Pd/C催化剂的比表面活性和Pd质量比活性也分别提高到了2.5和8.3倍。     

毫秒激光烧蚀镍靶高效率制备NiO纳米立方体

利用长脉宽毫秒激光烧蚀浸没在循环水中的金属镍靶制备了大量的氧化镍(NiO)纳米立方体, 通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 选区电子衍射(SAED)、 X射线衍射(XRD)和能量色散谱(EDS)等手段表征了产物的形貌和结构. 结果表明, 高功率密度激光产生的高温高压条件是形成NiO纳米立方体的最重要因素. 激光功率密度高于10⁴ W/cm²时可以生成NiO纳米立方体, 当功率高于该阈值时激光首先将镍靶烧蚀为金属液滴, 高温的金属液体加热周围液体, 并由于液体的限制效应使得压力进一步升高, 最后金属液滴与液体发生表面反应生成NiO纳米立方体.     

人工冻土力学性能影响因素敏感性分析

为分析人工冻土单轴抗压强度影响因素敏感性,选定人工冻土单轴抗压强度的7 种影响因素,按正交试验设计方案进行大量冻土单轴压缩试验,并采用灰色关联理论对试验结果进行分析,研究分析诸因素敏感性排列顺序. 试验结果表明：在选定的7 种影响因素中,温度为最大敏感因素,其它依次为深度、土性、养护时间、加载速率、含水率和密度,且选定的7 种因素均为重要影响因素,为相关室内试验与工程应用提供依据.     

单轴荷载下饱水岩石静态和动态抗压强度的细观力学分析

由于单轴荷载下饱水岩石的动态力学特性与静态力学特性存在很大差异,从宏观上进行力学分析 存在局限性。根据岩石受压全应力应变曲线的细观机制,分析了静态及动态单轴荷载条件下孔隙水影响饱水 岩石裂纹扩展的情况。在静态单轴压缩条件下,初始裂隙受压使自由水产生孔隙水压力,自由水对翼裂纹有 向外挤压的应力,促进裂纹扩展。在动态单轴压缩条件下,自由水会产生粘结力,抑制裂纹扩展。根据翼裂纹 受压扩展原理,推导出饱水单轴条件下动态抗压强度、静态抗压强度的计算公式,在相同断裂韧度下,饱水岩 石静态抗压强度风干岩石静态抗压强度饱水岩石动态抗压强度。对自然风干和饱水砂岩进行单轴静态、 动态压缩实验,结果与理论模型的结果相符。     

绕翼身组合体高质量网格设计和阻力计算

采用超立方体概念设计了绕翼身组合体外形的高质量连续拼接多块结构化网格,旨在构造一种通用的绕翼身组合体外形的高质量网格生成方法,提高阻力计算精度.以DLR-F4翼身组合体为例生成计算网格,采用雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程耦合Spalart-Allmaras 湍流模型进行阻力计算.超立方体网格计算的结果与实验数据吻合较好,优于其他软件和其他网格的计算结果;从而说明本文超立方体网格构建方法可行、生成的网格质量高,能改善阻力精度,该方法适用于绕相似外形的翼身组合体网格生成.     

BEHAVIOR OF AIR-ENTRAINED CONCRETE AFTER FREEZE-THAW CYCLES

The experimental study of air-entrained concrete specimens subjected to different cycles of freeze-thaw was completed. The dynamic modulus of elasticity, weight loss, the cubic compressive strength, compressive strength, tensile strength and cleavage strength of air-entrained concrete were measured after 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 cycles of freeze-thaw. The experimental results showed that the dynamic modulus of elasticity and strength decreased as the freeze-thaw was repeated. The influences of freeze-thaw cycles on the mechanical properties, the dynamic modulus of elasticity and weight loss were analyzed according to the experimental results. It can serve as a reference for the maintenance, design and the life prediction of dams, hydraulic structures, offshore structures, concrete roads and bridges in northern cold regions.     

Dense packing properties of mineral admixtures in cementitious material

The effect of ultra-fine fly ash （UFFA）, steel slag （SS） and silica fume （SF） on packing density of binary, ternary and quaternary cementitious materials was studied in this paper in terms of minimum water requirement of cement. The influence of mineral admixtures on the relative density of pastes with low water/hinder ratios was analyzed and the relationship between paste density and compressive strength of the corresponding hardened mortars was discussed. The results indicate that the incorporation of mineral admixtures can effectively improve the packing density ofcementitious materials; the increase in packing density of a composite with incorporation of two or three kinds of mineral admixtures is even more obvious than that with only one mineral admixture. Moreover, an optimal amount of mineral admixture imparts to the mixture maximum packing density. The dense packing effect of a mineral admixture can increase the packing density of the resulting cementitious material and also the density of paste with low water/binder ratio, which evidently enhances the compressive strength of the hardened mortar.     

Characterization of cuttlebone for a biomimetic design of cellular structures

Cuttlebone is a natural material possessing the multifunctional properties of high porosity, high flexural stiffness and compressive strength, making it a fine example of design optimization of cellular structures created by nature. Examination of cuttlebone using scanning electron micros- copy （SEM） reveals an approximately periodic microstruc- ture, appropriate for computational characterization using direct homogenization techniques. In this paper, volume fractions and stiffness tensors were determined based on two different unit cell models that were extracted from two different cuttlefish samples. These characterized results were then used as the target values in an inverse homogenization procedure aiming to re-generate microstructures with the same properties as cuttlebone. Unit cells with similar topologies to the original cuttlebone unit cells were achieved, attaining the same volume fraction （i.e. bulk density） and the same （or very close） stiffness tensor. In addition, a range of alternate unit cell topologies were achieved also attaining the target properties, revealing the non-unique nature of this inverse homogenization problem.     

新老混凝土粘结的抗压强度塑性极限分析

对新老混凝土粘结试块进行了抗压强度研究,发现新老混凝土粘结在竖向受压情况下,其抗压强度远低于整浇混凝土的抗压强度.因此,对新老混凝土粘结试块的竖向抗压强度进行相关理论分析,并根据试验,提出了新老混凝土粘结的受压破坏机构;又利用塑性极限分析中的上限定理,得到了新老混凝土粘结抗压强度的理论解.对比理论解与试验值,发现理论解高于试验值,在详细分析原因后,对理论解进行了相应修正.