基于phyphox软件研究声波干涉的居家实验

信息技术的发展日新月异,智能手机的出现使得居家实验成为了现实.基于智能手机phyphox软件的声波干涉实验现象明显,且从定性和定量的角度辅助学生更好地理解波的干涉.此实验仪器简单,操作简易,有利于培养学生的自主探究能力.     

EXISTENCE OF GLOBAL SMOOTH SOLUTION FOR SCALAR CONSERVATION LAWS WITH DEGENERATE VISCOSITY IN 2-DIMENSIONAL SPACE

This article concerns the existence of global smooth solution for scalar conservation laws with degenerate viscosity in 2-dimensional space. The analysis is based on successive approximation and maximum principle.     

磁场引导声波“点燃”太阳光环

2007年5月29日的美国天文学会第210次会议上公布的一项最新研究结果，揭开了太阳表面的红色光环——色球（chromosphere）的形成机制和能量来源．     

多道时间谱仪测量光速

介绍了多道时间谱仪的时间幅度变换原理，描述了谱仪的调试和主要指标的测定，并应用多道时间谱仪测量了光速．     

Multi-path propagation of acoustical wave and time reversal field in a solid plate

The multi-path effect of the acoustical wave in a solid plate is studied. The multireflection and wave conversion of the cylindrical compressional and shear waves, which are excited by an infinite strip on a free surface of the solid plate, are analyzed thoroughly by the far-field approximation method. The concise analytical representations of the cylindrical waves are obtained. The time reversal processing is then applied to the propagation of the cylindrical waves and analyzed theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the waves coming from different array elements and different paths all arrive at the original place after the time reversal operation. It indicates that the time reversal can compensate automatically the wave aberration caused by the multi-path effect. The self-adaptive focusing of the time reversal field is also analyzed quantificationally by the focusing gain and the ratio of the principal to the second lobe. The effects of the focus position and the aperture of the transducer array on the focused field are also investigated. It shows that theoretical and experimental results are consistent to each other very well.     

微机在有源消声中的应用

本文讨论将微机技术引入单源有源消声器。微机控制其可变参数,使消声系统能对噪声源进行自动跟踪。其参数在一定范围内随着消声情况的变化而变化,始终保持最佳的消声效果。对线状谱噪声可将其剩余噪声控制在本底噪声或比本底噪声稍高一点的范围内(～3dB)。跟踪速度较快,最佳消声状态的稳定性也较好。     

Spatial Characteristics of Head-Related Transfer Function

The spatial characteristics of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are studied by a spatial Fourier analysis.A law of the HRTF spatial sampling in different elevation planes is obtained, and the corresponding spatial interpolating method used to recover the continuous HRTF is proposed. The method is valid, for the average error between the measured and interpolated HRTFs in the horizontal plane is about 0.5%. These results provide guidance for the discrete spatial measurement of HRTFs.     

Analytical Study of Nonlinear Dust Acoustic Waves in Two-Dimensional Dust Plasma with Dust Charge Variation

The nonlinear dust acoustic waves in two-dimensional dust plasma with dust charge variation is analytically investigated by using the formally variable separation approach. New analytical solutions for the governing equation of this system have been obtained for dust acoustic waves in a dust plasma for the first time. We derive exact analytical expressions for the general case of the nonlinear dust acoustic waves in two-dimensional dust plasma with dust charge variation.     

Focusing of Surface Acoustic Wave on a Piezoelectric Crystal

We investigate the focusing phenomena of a surface acoustic wave （SAW） field generated by a circular-arc interdigital transducer （IDT） on a piezoelectric crystal. A rigorous vector field theory of surface excitation on the crystal we developed previously is used to evaluate the convergent SAW field instead of the prevalent scalar angular spectrum used in optics. The theoretical results show that the anisotropy of a medium has great impact on the focusing properties of the acoustic beams, such as focal length and symmetrical distributions near the focus. A dark field method is used in experiment to observe the focusing of the SAW tield optically. Although the convergent phenomena of SAW field on the anisotropic media or piezoelectric crystals are very complicated, the experimental data are in agreement with those from the rigorous theory.     

水下声音可冲出表面

简单的声波理论曾预言，任何在水下产生的声音都会在水-气交界面处发生反射，而不会发射到空气中去．因此长期以来科学家们相信在海下产生的声音是不可能被水面上探测到的．但最近美国Colorado环境科学联合研究所（Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science，简称CIRES）的0．Godin博士发现简单的声波理论不能描述在水面附近产生的低频噪声波的行为，他利用最新的声波理论计算得出，当声波波长可与声源与水面的距离相比凝或更长时。声源发出的声波可全部发射到空气中．