声呐技术及其应用

声呐是利用水中声波对水下目标进行探测、定位和通信的电子设备,是水声学中应用最广泛、最重要的一种装置。它是SONAR一词的“义音两顾”的译称,是Sound Navigation and Ranging（声音导航测距）的缩写。     

CuBr激光放电管声波共振现象的研究

为了使有广泛应用的CuBr激光器能稳定和高效运行,针对实验中出现的激光输出功率随放电频率起伏的情况,给出CuBr激光放电管内声波振动的数学模型。该模型选取圆柱形放电管轴为柱坐标轴对波动方程求解,通过数值计算,获得了放电管内声压分布的解析表达式。通过分析放电频率与激光管固有声振动频率的关系,明确了声共振会导致激光介质重新分布,它对激光输出功率有影响,理论计算结果和实验结果完全符合。     

On propagation characteristics of SH-type surface acoustic waves in periodic metal gratings by variational principle

Based on D.P. Chen and Haus＇ theory, a theoretical method was presented to analyze dispersion characteristics of SH-type surface acoustic waves （SAWs） propagating on periodic metallic grating structures with a variational principle and coupling-of-modes equation. Without using complicated Green＇s function, the calculating results of the method agree well with those of Hashimoto＇s theory. On the other hand, Hashimoto＇s method is helpless for calculating the dispersion relation of short-circuited gratings on ST-90°X quartz etc. However, the method developed in this paper can successfully calculate it.     

A Unique Method to Describe the Bonding Strength in a Bonded Solid-S-olid Interface by Contact Acoustic Nonlinearity

We present a unique method to describe the bonding strength at a bonded solid-solid interface in a multilayered composite material by contact acoustic nonlinearity （CAN） parameter. A CAN model on the bonded solid-solid interface is depicted. It can be seen from the model that CAN parameter is very sensitive to the bonding strength at the interface. When an incident focusing acoustic longitudinal wave scans the interface in two dimensions, the transmitted wave can be used to extract CAN parameter. The contour of the bonding strength for a sample is obtained by CAN parameter. The results show that the region with weak bonding strength can be easily distinguished from the contour.     

Phase Transition in Acoustic Localization in a Soft Medium Permeated with Air Bubbles

Propagation of an acoustic wave in a soft medium permeated with air bubbles is theoretically investigated by using a self-consistent approach. The soft medium is assumed to be viscoelastic to estimate the effect of acoustic absorption on the acoustic localization in such a medium. The oscillation phases of bubbles are examined by employing a phase diagram method. A collective oscillation of the bubbles is observed once the acoustic localization occurs, which is known as a phenomenon of ＇phase transition ＇, and such a phenomenon persists as we manually increase the viscosity factor of the soft medium. Therefore it is proven that the phenomenon of phase transition may serve as a unique criterion to effectively identify acoustic localization in a bubbly soft medium even in the presence of viscosity, and the directions of the phase vectors help to determine the extent of localization. This is of practical significance for experimental research studying the acoustic localization in such a medium, for which the presence of viscosity generally causes great ambiguity in distinguishing the effects of localization and acoustic absorption.     

激光等离子体的电子温度对Thomson散射离子声波双峰的影响

通过对不同激光条件产生的等离子体进行Thomson散射实验诊断，发现在距靶面为150 μm的临界密度面内，离子声波双峰强度出现明显的不对称性，而且强峰的位置发生了转移：当等离子体的电子温度较高时，强峰出现在短波方向；当等离子体电子温度较低时，强峰出现在长波方向.光的拉曼散射效应对应地解释了离子声波的双峰结构、双峰强度不对称性及强峰出现的位置.建立了光的拉曼散射与电子的Thomson散射的对应关系.     

利用法布里-珀罗腔抑制电光相位调制中的剩余幅度调制

激光经电光相位调制后,由于剩余幅度调制的存在造成调制边带幅度不相等。利用法布里-珀罗腔的透射特性和Pound-Drever-Hall技术对通过法布里-珀罗腔的调制光正、负一级边带的幅度产生不同的衰减,使得调制边带的幅度相等,从而实现对电光相位调制中剩余幅度调制的抑制。采用该方法,理论上计算了调制光经法布里-珀罗腔后的光外差光谱信号,获得锁定法布里-珀罗腔后调制边带幅度的不对称度较腔锁定前减小四个数量级。实验研究了调制光经法布里-珀罗腔透射的光外差光谱,结果表明将法布里-珀罗腔锁定于该透射光外差光谱中心零位时,对剩余幅度调制的抑制程度可达45 dB。     

Oscillatory Activities in Regulatory Biological Networks and Hopf Bifurcation

Exploiting the nonlinear dynamics in the negative feedback loop, we propose a statistical signal-response model to describe the different oscillatory behaviour in a biological network motif. By choosing the delay as a bifurcation parameter, we discuss the existence of Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the periodic solutions of model equations with the centre manifold theorem and the normal form theory. It is shown that a periodic solution is born in a Hopf bifurcation beyond a critical time delay, and thus the bifurcation phenomenon may be important to elucidate the mechanism of oscillatory activities in regulatory biological networks.     

Audio watermarking based on psychoacoustic model and critical band wavelet transform

Watermark embedding algorithm based on critical band wavelet transform of digital audio signal is proposed in this paper. The masking threshold for each audio signal segment was calculated on the basic of psychoacoustic model. According to the similarity between critical band of human auditory system and critical band wavelet transform, a watermark was embedded into the low-band and mid-band coefficients of digital wavelet. The embedding strength was adaptively controlled by the masking threshold. The experiment results show that the embedded watermark signal is inaudible, and the watermarked audio signal has good robustness against many attacks such as compression, noise, re-sampling, low-pass filtering.     

Spatial symmetry of head-related transfer function

Methods for analyzing the spatial symmetry of head-related transfer function (HRTF) are proposed. The influences of anatomical structures on the symmetry of HRTF are investigated using HRTFs measured on KEMAR mannequin and human subjects. Results show that for KEMAR mannequin, pinnae destroy the front-back symmetry of HRTF above 5 to 6 kHz, while for human subjects the frequency reduces to 2.5 kHz because of the locations of ears. Furthermore, at low and median frequencies, HRTF is approximately left-right symmetrical. While as frequencies increase, the asymmetry caused by the fine anatomical leftright differences appears. The starting frequency and the extent of the left-right asymmetry in HRTF depend on individuals. The analyses demonstrate the spatial symmetrical characteristics of HRTF and the frequency ranges in which the current binaural models are valid.