基于互惠动机公平均衡的投资项目决策模型及数值模拟分析

针对博弈主体互惠动机公平偏好的证据和特征,本文从理论上描绘了首席执行官和项目经理在信息对称与非对称条件下的资本配置行为和激励合约的设计,在理论模型构建及均衡分析中发现:项目经理互惠动机公平偏好可以提高其努力水平,带来与显性激励合约一样的激励效果,即互惠动机公平偏好产生了“挤进激励效应”;互惠动机公平偏好使得项目经理真实地汇报项目质量状况,优化了公司对项目资本配置的计划,避免了非对称信息下的道德风险问题,即互惠动机公平偏好产生了“信号显示机制”的作用。由于项目经理互惠动机公平偏好的“挤进激励效应”,使得投资项目资本配置决策临界点不会很低,从而抑制了投资不足的严重性。本文的研究结果为具有异质性的项目经理提供了不同合约选择,把“自利”假设下委托代理决策的分析框架拓展到“非自利”的行为委托代理决策的分析框架。     

基于强互惠理论的企业合作创新行为演化研究

基于强互惠理论构建了企业合作创新行为演化模型,将企业分成投机、纯合作与强互惠三种类型,对基本的演化博弈模型进行了分析,利用复制动态方程求出基本模型的两个演化稳定均衡解,并通过仿真方法对放松约束后的演化模型做进一步分析,发现了新的系统均衡状态并给出解释。研究结果表明:强互惠行为可以通过演化生成,并抑制企业合作创新中的投机行为,与其他两种类型企业共同发展,并形成企业合作创新系统的演化稳定均衡。研究结果为企业合作创新组织的管理提供了决策依据,同时有助于推动企业合作创新理论的深入发展。     

一种丁酸梭菌与鼠李糖乳杆菌的混合培养方法

采用混合培养的方法,通过CBS混合培养基,在37℃条件下,对丁酸梭菌与鼠李糖乳杆菌进行了混合培养.试验结果显示,两者在混合培养体系中表现出良好的互惠共生关系,混合培养生物量分别可达6.3×10~8,43.5×10~8 CFU/mL.较纯培养生物量分别增加80%和51.7%;混合培养液较纯培养对常见肠道致病菌具有更强的抑菌活性,抑菌活性大小依次为大肠杆菌,痢疾志贺氏菌,沙门氏菌.实验表明,该方法具有较好的可行性和实用性.     

Electromagnetic scattering from two parallel 2D targets arbitrarily located in a Gaussian beam

In this paper based on the equivalence principle and the reciprocity theorem, the scattered field up to second-order by two parallel 2D targets arbitrarily located in a Gaussian beam is considered. The first-order solution can easily be obtained by calculating the scattered field from isolated targets when illuminated by a Gaussian beam. However, because of the difficulty in formulating the couple scattering field, it is almost impossible to find an analytical solution for the second-order scattered field if the shapes of 2D targets are not canonical geometries. In order to overcome this problem, in this paper, the second-order solution is derived by using the technique based on the reciprocity theorem and the equivalence principle. Meanwhile, the relation between the secondary scattered field from target #1 and target {\#}2 is obtained. Specifically, the bi- and mono-static scattering of Gaussian beam by two parallel adjacent inhomogeneous plasma-coated conducting circular cylinders is calculated and the dependence of attenuation of the scattering width on the thickness of the coated layer, electron number density, collision frequency and radar frequency is discussed in detail.