铸镁合金ZM_5-T_4本构特性的宏观与微观研究

本文运用宏观和微观研究相结合的方法,对国产航空铸镁合金ZM5-T4在应变率为10~(-6)-10~3/s范围作了轴向准静态和冲击压缩试验研究。结果表明:在室温下该材料的应变率敏感性与铸态组织缺陷所引起的试验数据分散性相比是可忽略的。同时还观察到随塑性变形所发展的微裂纹有随应变率增高而增多的倾向。这种与微裂纹演化发展相关的“应变率弱化”效应有可能是抵消位错运动的应变率强化效应而导致综合应变率敏感性降低的主要原因。     

Nonequilibrium statistical foundation of fatigue fracture

The physical foundation of statistical law of fatigue fracture is discussed. The universal forms of the microcrack growth rate, fluctuation growth coefficient and distribution function and fatigue life distribution function have been given. The project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

双周期平面裂纹问题的特征展开-变分方法

根据弹性力学的变分原理,利用双周期问题位移场的双准周期性质和应力应变场的双周期性质,构造了双周期平面问题的单胞泛函变分表达式. 然后结合针对裂纹问题的复应力函数特征展开式,发展了基于单胞模型的双周期裂纹平面问题的特征展开-变分方法. 由于该方法考虑了最一般的双周期边界条件,因而能够分析一般非对称排列的双周期裂纹问题. 通过结果的收敛性分析说明了该方法具有计算效率和精度都高的优点. 最后,对于裂纹呈平行四边形排列的情况,分析了不同的裂纹排列对应力强度因子的影响.      

计算微裂纹损伤材料有效模量的一种简单方法

给出了一种基于Taylor模型的有效介质方法。用以计算微裂纹相互作用对有效本构关系的影响,该方法假设每一个微裂纹位于一种有效介质之中,该有效介质的弹性模量由不考虑微裂纹相互作用的Taylor模型计算、和自洽方法相比,这种方法计算简单,而且结果更准确。     

Molecular dynamics simulation of the role of dislocations in microcrack healing

The molecular dynamics method is used to simulate microcrack healing during heating or/and under compressive stress. A centre microcrack in Cu crystal would be sealed under compressive stress or by heating. The role of compressive stress and heating in crack healing was additive. During microcrack healing, dislocation generation and motion occurred. When there were pre-existing dislocations around the microcrack, the critical temperature or compressive stress necessary for microcrack healing would decrease, and, the higher the number of dislocations, the lower the critical temperature or compressive stress. The critical temperature necessary for microcrack healing depended upon the orientation of the crack plane. For example, the critical temperature for the crack along the (001) plane was the lowest, i.e. 770K. The project supported by the Special Fund for the Major State Basic Research Projects (No. G19990650) and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19891180, 59871010)     

动载荷作用下微裂纹的增韧分析

在实验研究的基础上，将细观统计力学应用于材料的动态增韧分析中，探索性的研究了在动态载荷作用下微裂纹的增韧机理，并进行了相应的有限元分析计算，得出在动载荷作用下，微裂纹增韧主要表现在微裂纹的快速成核。如果要提高材料在动态情况下的增韧幅值，必须提高增韧颗粒的特征尺寸。     

An iterative integral equation formulation for the macrocrack — array of microcracks interaction problem

Summary The exact solution of the problem of a dislocation interacting with a crack has been used for the generation of integral equations on the microcracks only. A few discresation points are needed along the microcracks, due to their small length. The solution of the resulting system of linear algebraic equations is effected via interations for the time of computations to be further reduced. In several cases our results seem to be more accurate than the ones obtained in [3].     

韧性材料的微裂纹扩展与分叉的晶体相场模拟

采用晶体相场方法研究韧性单晶材料在双轴拉伸条件下微裂纹扩展与分叉的演化过程,分析应变、温度、初始裂口形状等因素对裂纹扩展和分叉的影响.结果表明:对于简单的单向拉伸,应变需要达到一定的临界值,裂纹扩展才会启动.对于二组相互垂直的双轴拉伸作用,当应变达到临界值后,裂纹扩展过程中会发生分叉现象.温度越高,裂纹扩展越快且分叉越多.裂纹在扩展过程中,体系能量不断降低,当裂纹出现分叉时,体系能量降低得更快.在裂纹扩展过程中,有时是会在裂尖处前方出现微小的空洞,类似在裂纹尖端前方出现位错发射情况,这些微小的空洞逐渐扩大连成裂纹.本文所得结果与相关模拟结果和实验结果符合.     

A micromechanical damage model for rocks and concretes under triaxial compression

Based on analysis of deformation in an infinite isotropic elastic matrix containing an embedded elliptic crack, subject to far field triaxial compressive stress, the energy release rate and a mixed fracture criterion are obtained by using an energy balance approach. The additional compliance tensor induced by a single closed elliptic microcrack in a representative volume element and its in-plane growth is derived. The additional compliance tensor induced by the kinked growth of the elliptic microcrack is also obtained. The effect of the microcracks, randomly distributed both in geometric characteristics and orientations, is analyzed with the Taylor＇s scheme by introducing an appropriate probability density function. A micromechanical damage model for rocks and concretes under triaxial compression is obtained and experimentally verified.