PVDF应力测量技术及在混凝土冲击实验中的应用

介绍了使用PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride,聚偏二氟乙烯)应力计的应力直接测量技术。在SHPB装置上进行自制PVDF应力计动态压电系数的标定实验,分析了应力集中、横向泊松效应、摩擦效应对PVDF应力计信号及动态压电系数的影响。用PVDF应力计进行了混凝土的冲击压缩实验。利用混凝土前后端面PVDF应力计信号分析了实验过程中混凝土试样的应力均匀性。与应变计直测应变技术相结合得到了混凝土的动态应力-应变关系。     

混凝土单轴受拉的非局部本构模型

混凝土受拉本构行为存在很强的局部软化现象,使得单轴受拉试验无法给出应力-应变关系,而只能给出应力-位移关系。本文根据内变量理论和等效应变假设建立了基于真实应变的混凝土单轴受力本构方程,并根据Weibull分布可以描述混凝土等脆性材料断裂过程的试验现象,建立了关于弹性应变的损伤演化规律。然后,通过假设平均应变与真实弹性应变的函数关系,在应力-平均应变的本构关系中采用平均弹性应变以描述其非局部行为,而在材料的损伤演化规律中采用真实弹性应变以描述其局部行为,由此建立了单轴受拉荷载条件下的非局部本构模型。最后,对一个单调受拉试验和一个反复受拉试验的仿真结果表明所提出的非局部本构模型可以准确地模拟试验结果。     

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摘 要：利用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS10.0，首先对钢筋混凝土试件梁采用了三维的建模方式，然后对其抗弯性能进行了非线性数值模拟，所模拟的量包括各临界荷载、挠度、应力分布、中和轴的移动等，模拟结果与实测值吻合得很好。该方法可以用来分析钢筋混凝土梁板构件的承载能力，也可以应用在某些院校的教学中。     

光纤传感无损检测混凝土结构研究述评

本文综述了近几年来使用光纤传感器埋入混凝土构件及结构中无损检测其内部应力、应变及评估结构完整性等研究领域的概况。探讨了光纤与混凝土接触面之间的涂层材料的基本特性及其细观力学问题。最后给出了目前国外利用这种新技术所得到的一些成果。     

Experimental and numerical investigation of concrete properties effects on fracture toughness under complex loading

Abstract

This article is presenting the common experimental specimen for determining the fracture toughness of the first pure mode and second pure mode. The Notched beam is chosen from a presented common specimen in the form of three-point flexure beam and four-point flexure beam that were built in the concrete laboratory. For prevention of cracks growth, a critical load of first pure mode and the second pure mode of each specimen computed. Obtained results are used for computing the fracture toughness. For the purpose of investigating the effective fracture parameters in the suggested specimen, finite element analysis on the mentioned geometry is performed. Obtained results show that different parameters are effective on the fracture toughness including crack length, cement percentage, water and the thickness of biggest used aggregate in the sand. Also with changing each of these parameters, the fracture mechanic properties are changed. Each of these effects is examined separately in this article and the conclusions presented in tables and figures.

Communicated by Dumitru Caruntu.     

水工混凝土S-N和P-S-N曲线特性研究

在已知混凝土静压强度分布的基础上使用S－N曲线模型推导出一种疲劳寿命满足的分布，并对水工混凝土做了大量的等幅抗压疲劳试验。通过分析发现，实验数据能较好地符合该分布，同时得出了该种混凝土的S－N曲线和P－S－N曲线。     

Numerical simulation: The dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete plates under normal impact

This investigation deals with the use of the finite element method on the reinforced concrete structural dynamic response and failure behavior when subjected to the projectile impacts of different velocities, using the test conducted in [S.J. Hanchak, M.J. Forrestal, E.R. Young, J.Q. Ehrgott, Perforation of concrete slabs with 48 MPa (7 ksi) and 140 MPa (20 ksi) unconfined compressive strengths, Int. J. Impact Eng. 12 (1992) 1–7]. The Johnson–Holmquist concrete material constitutive law model is employed to simulate the large strains, high strain states and high pressures to which the concrete is subjected. The projectile impact velocity ranges from 381 m/s to 1058 m/s. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the Johnson–Holmquist concrete material constitutive model can describe the different failure modes without any predefined defects in the element mesh, and normally obtain good agreement between the numerical simulations and test results.     

土中爆炸冲击混凝土道面的数值模拟

炸药在多相介质中的爆炸是气态爆轰产物和固态介质之间的耦合作用问题，对其进行数值模拟一般不考虑炸药而直接将爆轰压力加在介质上，而耦合方法对炸药和其周围的介质进行离散，炸药和介质采用统一的控制方程，通过界面条件实现相互作用。任意拉格朗日欧拉（Arbitary Lagrangian and Eularian）法，是最近兴起的适用于计算固体大变形问题的数值计算方法。将其引入爆炸力学计算，可以避免由于物质的大变形引起的单元畸变和计算困难。同时混凝土的损伤模型，更加符合混凝土在高应变率加载条件下的力学特性和破坏机理。将这三种方法引入数值模拟，计算结果与相关试验结果有较好的吻合。     

Simulation of crack spacing using a reinforced concrete model with an internal length parameter

Summary A gradient-enhanced smeared crack model and bond-slip interface elements are utilized in finite element simulations of reinforced concrete. The crack model is rooted in an enhanced plasticity theory. It uses the Rankine failure surface dependent on an equivalent inelastic strain measure as well as on its Laplacian. As a result, finitely sized fracture process zones and realistic crack spacings are obtained. A reinforced concrete bar in uniaxial tension is analyzed to demonstrate the regularizing influence of the internal length parameter in the model and to evaluate the influence of the model parameters on the energy dissipation in multiple cracks. A comparison of numerical simulations with experimental results for a beam without shear reinforcement in four-point bending concludes the analysis. Received 4 November 1997; accepted for publication 23 April 1998     

Studies on Stress Transference Mechanism of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete

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