IFP-FLAT DIMENSIONS AND IFP-INJECTIVE DIMENSIONS

In basic homological algebra,the flat and injective dimensions of modules play an important and fundamental role.In this paper,the closely related I F P-flat and I F P-injective dimensions are introduced and studied.We show that I F P-fd(M) = I F P-id(M +) and I F P-fd(M +)=I F P-id(M) for any R-module M over any ring R.Let IIn(resp.,IFn) be the class of all left(resp.,right) R-modules of IFP-injective(resp.,I F P-flat) dimension at most n.We prove that every right R-module has an IF npreenvelope,(IF n,IF n⊥) is a perfect cotorsion theory over any ring R,and for any ring R with I F P-id(RR) ≤ n,(II n,II n⊥) is a perfect cotorsion theory.This generalizes and improves the earlier work(J.Algebra 242(2001),447-459).Finally,some applications are given.     

Pre‐Hilbert spaces with anomalous splitting and orthogonally‐closed subspace structures

Four classes of closed subspaces of an inner product space S that can naturally replace the lattice of projections in a Hilbert space are: the complete/cocomplete subspaces , the splitting subspaces , the quasi‐splitting subspaces and the orthogonally‐closed subspaces . It is well‐known that in general the algebraic structure of these families differ remarkably and they coalesce if and only if S is a Hilbert space. It is also known that when S is a hyperplane in its completion i.e. then and . On the other extreme, when i.e. then and . Motivated by this and in contrast to it, we show that in general the codimension of S in bears very little relation to the properties of these families. In particular, we show that the equalities and can hold for inner product spaces with arbitrary codimension in . At the end we also contribute to the study of the algebraic structure of by testing it for the Riesz interpolation property. We show that may fail to enjoy the Riesz interpolation property in both extreme situations when S is “very small” (i.e. and when S is ‘very big’ (i.e. .     

40kW高频功率源系统设计

根据用户的实际要求,设计了一种高频功率放大系统。为了获得足够大的输出功率,采用了由功率分配器和功率合成器组成的四级合成方式,利用多个750W功放模块,实现了高达40kW的功率输出;设计了以PLC为核心的监控系统,对高频功率放大系统中的前级功放、末级功放等各个部分的运行状态进行监控,利用触摸屏实现人机交互操作。实验测试结果表明该系统的合成效率达到90%以上,满足了高频功率放大的要求,系统工作稳定、可靠,具备人机交互和远程控制等功能。     

The Persistent Radical Effect: From Mechanistic Curiosity to Synthetic Tool

The Fischer–Ingold persistent radical effect (PRE) provides a simple conceptual framework to rationalize reactivities in systems involving two radicals with very different self‐reaction rate constants; in a limiting, but rather common case, one of these radicals is persistent at room temperature. In these cases, the cross‐coupling product is strongly favored. This contribution summarizes some of the work carried out at the University of Ottawa, where the PRE plays a key role in determining product distributions. Much of this work was inspired by the seminal contributions of Hanns Fischer.     

Synthesis and Comparative Investigation of Silicon Transition Metal Silicide Composite Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

A significant increase in energy density of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) can be achieved by using high‐capacity, silicon (Si)‐based negative electrode materials. Several challenges arise from the enormous volumetric changes of Si during lithiation/delithiation, such as disintegration/pulverization of the active material and the electrode as well as ongoing electrolyte decomposition, leading to rapid capacity fading. Here, we synthesize and comparatively investigate three different porous transition metal‐Si‐carbon composite materials that are composed of an active Si phase and the corresponding inactive metal‐silicide phases. In this material design, the inactive phases, as well as the pores serve as a buffer to attenuate the previously mentioned detrimental effects. The synthesized materials are studied with respect to their structural and surface properties and are characterized electrochemically regarding their rate performance, and long‐term charge/discharge cycling stability. Thereby, the composite materials show a promising rate capability and a high specific capacity. Their low initial Coulombic efficiency, due to the porous structure, can be partially compensated by pre‐lithiation. This is demonstrated by the application of the synthesized materials in a LIB full‐cell set‐up vs. NMC‐111 cathodes, where the amount of lithium is confined due to anode/cathode capacity balancing.     

Effects of pre-spark heat release on engine knock limit

It is well known that spark ignited engine efficiency is limited by end gas autoignition, commonly known as knock. This study focuses on a recently discovered phenomena, pre-spark heat release (PSHR) due to low-temperature chemistry, and its impact on knock behavior. Boosted operating conditions are more common as engines are downsizing and downspeeding in efforts to increase fuel economy and prone to PSHR. Experiments were prone at fixed fueling and air fuel ratio for a range of intake temperature that spanned the threshold for PSHR. It was found that when PSHR occurred, the knock-limited combustion phasing was insensitive to intake temperature; higher intake temperatures did not require retarded timings as it is usual. Inspection of the temperature–pressure history overlaid on ignition delay contours allow the results to be explained. The temperature rise from the low-temperature reactions moves the end gas state into the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) region, which terminates the heat release reactions. The end gas then resides in the long ignition delay peninsula, which inhibits knock.     

Factors influencing chromatographic data in fast gas chromatography with on‐column injection

The use of larger volume injection with on‐column injection and fast GC commercial instrumentation was evaluated with the model mixture of n‐alkanes of a broad range of volatility (C₁₀–C₂₈). The presented configuration allows introduction of 40–80‐fold larger sample volumes without any distortion of peak shapes compared to “usual” fast GC set‐ups using narrow‐bore columns. A normal‐bore retention gap (1–5 m×0.32 mm ID) was coupled to a narrow‐bore (5 m×0.1 mm ID×0.4 μm film thickness) analytical column using a standard press‐fit connector. The connection was tight and reliable, and hence suitable for hydrogen as carrier gas. The effect of pre‐column and analytical column connector, injection volume, pre‐column length, column inlet pressure, and analyte volatility on peak shape, peak broadening, and focusing are discussed. The precision of chromatographic data measurements and peak capacity under optimised temperature programmed conditions for fast separations with large volume injection were found to be very good. The presented fast GC set‐up with on‐column injection extends the applicability of the technique to trace analysis.     

On.column pre‐concentration of alcohol dehydrogenase in capillary electrophoresis

The analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) at low concentration using capillary electrophoresis is described. Several simple and effective ways to improve detection limits and sensitivity are investigated. These include large volume sample stacking, head column field amplified sample stacking, and sweeping. Results indicate that by using a combination of head‐column field amplified sample stacking and sweeping, fluorescently labelled alcohol dehydrogenase can be pre‐concentrated online by dissolving samples in water or other low conductivity matrices, and injecting into a high conductivity micellar buffer. The abrupt changes in conductivity cause narrowing of the analyte length and thus enhance the detection sensitivity. Combination of this approach with laser induced fluorescence detection yields a limit of detection of 5×10^–13 M. Both qualitative and quantitative aspects of this method are investigated.     

聚乙烯光引发交联过程中的表面光氧化和光稳定

通过测定凝胶含量并利用红外-光声光谱和光电子能谱对光交联聚乙烯表面氧化程度和氧化产物进行了研究.结果表明,聚乙烯光交联过程中随着光照时间的增加,表面光氧化加剧,氧化产物主要是氢过氧化物和含羰基的化合物.考察了预辐照和添加受阻胺型光稳定剂对聚乙烯光交联过程的影响,发现这两种方法都能有效地降低光交联聚乙烯(XLPE)的表面氧化,但有些光稳定剂会降低XLPE的交联度.     

在线流动注射-巯基棉分离富集-ICP-AES 测定粮食中铜、镉、铅的研究

研究了巯基棉对待测元素Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ的预富集性能,并与改进的流动注射法（双流路）相结合,建立了一套新型、高效的在线流动注射－巯基棉分离富集－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ分析体系,提高了分析方法的频率和灵敏度。Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ各元素的检出限分别为０．７μｇ／Ｌ、０．５μｇ／Ｌ和２．９μｇ／Ｌ。１０次的相对标准偏差分别为１．７１％、２．９４％和４．４９％。回收率为８７．８％～１０２．４％。