山核桃蒲壳中单宁的提取、检测及其缓蚀性能研究

用响应面法优化山核桃蒲壳中单宁的提取工艺,对单宁类型进行鉴定,还对单宁在HCl溶液中对冷轧钢的缓蚀作用进行探索。通过定性实验,证实山核桃蒲壳中含有缩合类单宁。运用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面法考察了乙醇体积分数、提取时间、提取温度3个因素对单宁提取率的影响,优化提取条件为:乙醇体积分数65%,提取时间61 min,提取温度52℃。在此条件下,单宁提取率为6.73%。失重缓蚀实验结果表明,在酸洗时间为2～12h、酸洗温度20～50℃、HCl浓度0.2～1.0mol/L条件下,单宁提取液有一定的缓蚀作用,但缓蚀率不高。若通过与乌洛托品复配,缓蚀率均可提高到97%以上。     

Facile synthesis of gemini surface-active ATRP initiator and its use in soap-free AGET ATRP mini-emulsion polymerisation

A novel cationic gemini surfactant has been readily synthesised in 70 % total yield. The functional gemini surfactant can act both as an emulsifier and an atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) initiator in mini-emulsion polymerisation of methyl methacrylate (MMA), in which no other emulsifier was required. 1-(Dimethylamino)dodecane (N,N-dimethyldodecylamine, DMDA) was found to be a good ligand in the activator generated by electron transfer (AGET) ATRP reaction. Kinetic studies indicated that the polymerisation featured controlled/living radical polymerisation.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定柑橘中虫酰肼残留量

提出了液相色谱-串联质谱法测定柑橘中虫酰肼残留量的方法。样品用1%(体积分数,下同)乙酸-乙腈溶液先后提取2次,提取液定容为25mL。分取8.0mL经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和十八烷基硅烷(ODS)键合相净化,取所得净化液5.00mL,在60℃氮气吹至近干后供液相色谱-串联质谱分析。0.1%乙酸-乙腈溶液定容至1mL。以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比混合的0.1%乙酸溶液和乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源模式多反应监测检测。方法的测定下限(10S/N)为0.005mg.kg-1。以空白柑橘样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在77.1%～90.1%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于13%。     

Gram-scale synthesis of anti-pancreatic flavonoids (±)-8-[1-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]-chrysin and -galangin

Gram-scale total synthesis of (±)-8-[1-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]-galangin (1) and -chrysin (2) has been accomplished in eight steps from commercially available phloroglucinol and three steps from commercially available chrysin, respectively, featuring an efficient introduction of C(8) (1-prop-2-en-1-yl)phenyl moiety in the natural products through chemo- and regioselective cinnamylation and regioselective aromatic Claisen rearrangement.     

4,5-Dicyanoimidazole-promoted synthesis of dinucleoside polyphosphates and their analogs

A general and efficient P(V)–N activation method for the preparation of symmetrical and asymmetrical dinucleoside polyphosphates (Np_nN′s, n=2–4) and P²,P³-CX₂-dinucleoside tetraphosphates (X=H, F, and Cl) has been established. Twenty-two dinucleoside polyphosphates and their phosphonate analogs were synthesized from nucleoside 5′-phosphoropiperidates with 4,5-dicyanoimidazole as the activator in good to high yields.     

Catalytic silylation of secondary alcohols by pyridine N-oxide derivative

The reaction of t-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) chloride with secondary alcohols was catalyzed by pyrrolidinopyridine N-oxide (PPYO) in the presence of diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) at room temperature, giving the corresponding TBDPS ethers in high yields.     

Electrochemical deposition of uranium oxide with an electrocatalytically active electrode using double potential step technique

The development of effective uranium-removal techniques is of great significance to the environment and human health. In this work, a double potential step technique (DPST) was applied to remove U(VI) from uranium-containing wastewater using a carbon felt electrode modified by graphene oxide/phytic acid composite (GO-PA@CF). The application of DPST can inhibit water splitting and prevent GO-PA from adsorbing other interfering ions in wastewater. The GO-PA composite can effectively accelerate the electrochemical reduction rate of U(VI), which significantly improved the electrochemical deposition rate of uranium oxide. As a result, the maximum removal efficiency and maximum removal capacity of GO-PA@CF electrode reached 98.7% and 1149.3 mg/g, respectively. The removal efficiency remained 97.2% after five cycles of reuse. Moreover, the removal efficiency of GO-PA@CF electrode can reach more than 70% in simulated wastewater.     

·OH自由基引发CH3SSCH3•+自由基裂解反应机理的理论研究

采用UωB97X-D/6-311+G^**方法, 研究了气相、 甲苯和水中OH自由基(·OH)引发CH₃SSCH₃自由基阳离子(CH₃SSC{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{?}⁺, DMDS^?+)裂解的反应机理, 并讨论了溶剂效应对反应的影响. 结果表明, ·OH和DMDS^·+首先形成自由基耦合产物CH₃S(OH)SCH₃⁺(R1)和氢提取产物复合物[CH₂=SSCH₃+H₂O]⁺(R2); 随后R1裂解直接发生 S—S键断裂协同质子转移, 而R2裂解依次发生构象变化、 C=S键亲碳加成和S—S键断裂协同质子转移. 去质子化的裂解产物为CH₃SOH, CH₂=S和HSCH₂OH. 甲苯略微降低了裂解反应速控步骤的自由能垒. 水溶剂有利于R1裂解, 但不利于R2裂解, 尤其是单个水分子参与反应. 在气相、 甲苯和水中, 以·OH和DMDS^·+为初始反应物, 虽然速控步骤的自由能垒为167.6~202.8 kJ/mol, 但裂解反应均是放热反应(?154.3~?31.4 kJ/mol).     

PtRu bimetallic nanoparticles embedded in MOF-derived porous carbons for efficiently electrochemical sensing of uranium

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - PtRu bimetallic nanoparticles embedded in MOF-derived porous carbons (PtRu-PCs) were synthesized by first loading PtRu bimetallic nanoparticles into a...