利骨素协同尼尔雌醇干预去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢紊乱及其机制

通过测定骨元素含量和血清相关激素及白细胞介素-6水平,探讨了尼尔雌醇和联合应用尼尔雌醇＋利骨素对去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢的影响及其机制。将健康4月龄雌性SD大鼠24只随机分成4组：A组,假去卵巢组;B组,去卵巢组;C组,去卵巢＋CCE3（全量）组;D组,去卵巢＋CCE3（半量）＋利骨素。结果表明,与A组比较,B组大鼠骨Ca、Mg、S、Mn、Zn等含量显著降低,P含量显著增加;C组和D组均可使去卵巢大鼠骨Ca、Mg、S、Mn、Zn等含量显著回升,P含量显著回降,而D组的作用优于C组;血清相关激素的改变：与A组比较,B组大鼠,血清雌二醇（E2）,孕酮（P）,生长激素（GH）,降钙素（CT）促甲状腺激素（TSH）,甲状腺素（T4）,Cortisol等含量降低,卵泡刺激素（FSH）,黄体生成素（LH）,白细胞介素-6（IL-6）等含量升高,与B组比较,C组和D组大鼠,血清E2,P,GH,CT,TSH,T4,Cortisol等含量回升,FSH,LH,IL-6等含量回降。提示利骨素可协同尼尔雌醇改变去卵巢大鼠体内相关激素和细胞因子水平,是利骨素协同尼尔雌醇干预去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢紊乱的重要机制。     

有机-无机复合骨修复材料

本文对近5年来有机/无机复合骨修复材料研究领域的进展进行了综述,根据材料组分的特点分析其在生物相容性、生物降解性、生物活性以及力学性能等方面的优缺点,同时探讨了目前骨修复材料领域存在的问题,并对今后人工骨替代材料的发展趋势作出了展望。     

一种骨小管中液体流动产生的流量及切应力模型

骨组织受力变形后其内部液体就会流动,同时在其微观结构——骨单元壁中扩散,并进一步产生一系列与骨液流动相关的物理效应,如流体剪切应力、流动电位等,这些物理效应被细胞感知并做出破骨或成骨等反应,来使骨适应外部载荷环境.鉴于骨组织产生的内部液体流动很难实验测定,理论模拟是目前的主要研究手段.基于骨单元的多孔弹性性质建立了骨小管内部液体的流动模型,该模型将骨单元所受的外部载荷与骨小管内部液体的压力、流速、流量和切应力联系起来,并进一步可以研究其力传导与力电传导机制.骨小管模型的建立分别基于中空和考虑哈弗液体的骨单元模型,并考虑了骨单元外壁的弹性约束和刚性位移约束两种边界条件.最终得到骨单元在外部轴向载荷作用下,骨小管内部液体的流量及流体切应力的解析解.结果表明:骨小管中的液体流量与流体切应力都正比于应变载荷幅值和频率,并由载荷的应变率决定.因此应变率可以作为控制流量和流体切应力的一种生理载荷因素.流量随着骨小管半径的增大而非线性增大,而流体切应力则随着骨小管半径的增大而线性增大.此外,在相同的载荷下,含哈弗液体的骨单元的模型中,骨小管中液体的流量和切应力均大于中空骨单元模型.     

TCP复合BMP-2促骨再生作用的研究

目的探讨TCP复合BMP-2促骨再生作用,为临床BMP-2的应用提供参考。方法利用16只雄性Wistar大鼠建立大鼠颅盖骨临界骨缺损模型,制备TCP支架及TCP复合BMP-2支架,并分别植入到动物模型的骨缺损处,术后12周测定新生骨形成面积并进行比较。结果所有实验动物无一死亡,全部存活,伤口愈合良好,未见感染症状。术后12周,TCP复合BMP-2组骨密度为(475.32±19.20)mg/cm2,而单纯TCP组明骨密度为(124.25±13.64)mg/cm2,两组比较TCP复合BMP-2组的成骨效果明显较TCP组为佳,差异显著有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论所制备的TCP复合BMP-2能改进单纯TCP的促成骨效果,具有良好的成骨活性,促进骨修复。     

骨靶向抗肿瘤药物中间体N-Boc-N’-3,3-双(二乙氧膦酰基)丙基甘氨酰胺的合成

采用缩合、Michael加成、氢化还原和偶联等多步应合成了骨靶向抗肿瘤药物的关键中间体——N-Boc-N’-3,3-双(二乙氧膦酰基)丙基甘氨酰胺,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和MS确证。     

大豆异黄酮对骨质疏松模型大鼠骨量及微观结构的影响

为研究大豆异黄酮（SI）对骨质疏松模型大鼠骨量及微观结构的影响,将46只雌性SD大鼠双侧摘除卵巢,术后一周按血清总胆固醇水平随机分为5组,分别给予雌激素,低、中、高剂量SI干预并设正常对照组,实验周期为12周,灌胃给药,每周称质量一次,分别在去卵巢、给药4、8周处死时抽取尾静脉血,实验结束后分别测定血清碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性及骨密度等指标。结果表明,高剂量SI干预对维持大鼠骨密度的作用与雌激素相似,去卵巢后干预SI可提高碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性并能缓解因去卵巢造成的骨丢失,全视野下骨形态学以雌激素组、高剂量SI干预组与正常组结构最为接近。提示大豆异黄酮对骨质疏松模型大鼠的骨量及微观结构存在一定影响,中、高剂量干预可使骨质疏松模型大鼠血清AKP酶活性增加、逆转因去势造成的骨密度下降,考虑到植物雌激素与哺乳动物的雌激素受体（ER）结合能力低下,采用SI在临床开展干预的剂量与远期效果尚待进一步论证。     

Effect of Soybean Isoflavone on Bone Mass and Ultrastructural in Ovariectomized Rat Model of Osteoporosis

为研究大豆异黄酮(SI)对骨质疏松模型大鼠骨量及微观结构的影响,将46只雌性SD大鼠双侧摘除卵巢,术后一周按血清总胆固醇水平随机分为5组,分别给予雌激素,低、中、高剂量SI干预并设正常对照组,实验周期为12周,灌胃给药,每周称质量一次,分别在去卵巢、给药4、8周处死时抽取尾静脉血,实验结束后分别测定血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性及骨密度等指标.结果表明,高剂量SI干预对维持大鼠骨密度的作用与雌激素相似,去卵巢后干预SI可提高碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性并能缓解因去卵巢造成的骨丢失,全视野下骨形态学以雌激素组、高剂量SI干预组与正常组结构最为接近.提示大豆异黄酮对骨质疏松模型大鼠的骨量及微观结构存在一定影响,中、高剂量干预可使骨质疏松模型大鼠血清AKP酶活性增加、逆转因去势造成的骨密度下降,考虑到植物雌激素与哺乳动物的雌激素受体(ER)结合能力低下,采用SI在临床开展干预的剂量与远期效果尚待进一步论证.     

高科技研究推断人类万年前已学会用火

我们的祖先何时学会了用火?人类的哪一个种群首先掌握了有关用火的技巧?这是人类学研究长期以来所关心的问题.最近在Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences上,人类学家Berna等报告了他们在南非Wonderwerk Cave洞穴的发掘研究中所做出的发现.他们通过一系列高科技手段,确定了淀积层中的草木灰以及燃烧后白化的动物骨片的年代.结果表明,在100万年前,     

Numerical simulation on the adaptation of forms in trabecular bone to mechanical disuse and basic multi-cellular unit activation threshold at menopause

The objective of this paper is to identify the effects of mechanical disuse and basic multi-cellular unit （BMU） activation threshold on the form of trabecular bone during menopause. A bone adaptation model with mechanical- biological factors at BMU level was integrated with finite element analysis to simulate the changes of trabecular bone structure during menopause. Mechanical disuse and changes in the BMU activation threshold were applied to the model for the period from 4 years before to 4 years after menopause. The changes in bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and fractal dimension of the trabecular structures were used to quantify the changes of trabecular bone in three different cases associated with mechanical disuse and BMU activation threshold. It was found that the changes in the simulated bone volume fraction were highly correlated and consistent with clinical data, and that the trabecular thickness reduced signi-ficantly during menopause and was highly linearly correlated with the bone volume fraction, and that the change trend of fractal dimension of the simulated trabecular structure was in correspondence with clinical observations. The numerical simulation in this paper may help to better understand the relationship between the bone morphology and the mecha-nical, as well as biological environment; and can provide a quantitative computational model and methodology for the numerical simulation of the bone structural morphological changes caused by the mechanical environment, and/or the biological environment.     

Parametric study of control mechanism of cortical bone remodeling under mechanical stimulus

The control mechanism of mechanical bone remodeling at cellular level was investigated by means of an extensive parametric study on a theoretical model described in this paper. From a perspective of control mechanism, it was found that there are several control mechanisms working simultaneously in bone remodeling which is a complex process. Typically, an extensive parametric study was carried out for investigating model parameter space related to cell differentiation and apoptosis which can describe the fundamental cell lineage behaviors. After analyzing all the combinations of 728 permutations in six model parameters, we have identified a small number of parameter combinations that can lead to physiologically realistic responses which are similar to theoretically idealized physiological responses. The results presented in the work enhanced our understanding on mechanical bone remodeling and the identified control mechanisms can help researchers to develop combined pharmacological-mechanical therapies to treat bone loss diseases such as osteoporosis.