Enhancing Electrochemical Reduction of CO_2 to Formate by Regulating the Support Morphology

Electroreduction of CO₂ to formic acid has attracted extensive attention,because it is a promising strategy to re-utilize CO₂ and reduce greenhouse gas emissions that may favor the mitigation of energy and environment issues.Although great efforts have been made to tune the structure and composition of catalysts aiming to improve CO₂ conversion efficiency,seldom studies have been focused on the support regulation.In this work,ordered,porous TiO₂ nanotube arrays have been used as model support to study the impact of pore structure for CO₂ electrochemical reduction.It has been revealed that Pd supported on TiO₂ nanotube arrays substrate exhibits enhanced performance towards CO₂ reduction,showing a higher formate Faradaic efficiency of 20%over than Pd supported on TiO₂ film substrate.This study will shed new light on the design and synthesis of efficient catalysts by tuning the morphology of support for CO₂ conversion.     

基于多维动态隶属度的模糊时间序列的天然气月负荷预测

准确的天然气负荷预测对于完善城市燃气供需系统与提高能源利用效率都大有裨益。由于燃气负荷序列受到多种不确定因素的影响,为了捕捉月度负荷的模糊性和非线性等复杂特征,本文结合模糊理论和长短时记忆神经网络(LSTM)的特性,提出了一种基于多维动态隶属度的模糊时间序列的预测新方法。首先,利用模糊C均值聚类(FCM)从原始数据中构建多维隶属度序列;其次,利用LSTM对多维隶属度序列同时进行预测,得到其动态隶属度;最后,去模糊化得到燃气负荷的预测值。应用该模型对四川成都某地区的天然气月度负荷进行了未来三个月的预测,并与经典模糊时间序列(FTS)、ARIMA模型、BP神经网络(BPNN)、LSTM等模型进行对比。实验结果表明,新模型的MAE、RMSE以及MAPE均优于其他模型。因此,本文提出的模型可对城市燃气供给和调度提供有价值的参考。     

基于机器学习的压气机叶型优化设计

现代压气机性能需求日趋严苛,叶型优化工作至关重要。近年来遗传算法在叶型优化设计中得到诸多应用,但是传统遗传算法耗时过大,为解决这一问题本文提出了一种应用主成分分析与人工神经网络的流场重构方法,以及基于该方法的快速评估叶型性能的遗传算法优化流程。数值结果表明,基于该优化流程的寻优结果预测静压比与CFD计算值的误差低于0.1%,能够有效对叶型性能进行预测;并且该寻优结果与原始叶型相比静压比提升14.7%,效果可观。     

紫外诱导荧光的土壤石油烃类污染物原位检测技术

石油烃类污染物进入土壤后会随着时间逐步迁移到土壤深层。传统的土壤石油烃检测方法因自身的局限性,无法及时快速地检测深层土壤中的石油烃质量分数。为快速检测深层土壤中的石油烃类污染物,提出了一种基于紫外诱导荧光的石油烃原位检测技术,利用280 nm的深紫外发光二极管（LED）作为激发光源、光电倍增管（PMT）作为信号检测器完成对土壤中石油烃质量分数的探测。实验结果表明,该检测技术能够实现对不同土壤类型（红壤、黄壤、黑土和湖底淤泥土）中各类机油（汽油机油、柴油机油和空压机油）的定量检测,检测结果的平均相对误差（RE）小于10.00%,平均相对标准偏差（RSD）小于4.00%,土壤中各类石油烃的检出限均小于136 mg/kg,完成单个样本测量仅需2.0 s。     

声学参量阵转换效率提高方法

针对参量阵转换效率低的问题,提出了一种通过调节声源表面声阻抗率从而提高转换效率的方法。该方法依据描述声波非线性的Kuznetsov方程,首先通过分析方程中拉格朗日密度对参量阵差频波的影响,获得了拉格朗日密度与声源表面声阻抗率之间的关系式,得出了通过调整声阻抗率可以提高参量阵转换效率的结论。随后提出了利用穿孔板改变声阻抗率的方法,并通过数值仿真验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明,通过在声源周围布置声穿孔板可以改变声阻抗率从而提高参量阵的转换效率。     

巴基斯坦斯瓦特山谷祖母绿的谱学特征研究

随着哥伦比亚祖母绿矿的日益枯竭,巴基斯坦祖母绿逐渐成为市场的主力军之一,运用常规宝石学仪器、红外光谱仪、激光拉曼光谱仪、紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪(UV-Vis-Nir)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)对巴基斯坦斯瓦特产区的祖母绿谱学特征进行了较系统的研究。结果表明,巴基斯坦斯瓦特祖母绿颜色整体呈深绿色-深蓝绿色,折射率较高为1.589～1.615。巴基斯坦斯瓦特产区的祖母绿中含有种类和数量较多的内含物,其中三相内含物呈边界清晰平直的矩形且具有明显定向性,与俄罗斯、赞比亚和埃塞俄比亚产区祖母绿的三相内含物接近。根据同一样品不同颜色的紫外-可见-近红外光谱和LA-ICP-MS的分析表明,在颜色较深的区域,紫外-可见-近红外光谱显示相对较强的427, 608, 637和679 nm(o光)Cr的R线吸收以及在o光下370 nm Fe的吸收,同时此区域内Cr和Fe含量相对较高,因此祖母绿色带是由含量不同的Cr和Fe所致。巴基斯坦斯瓦特祖母绿是由Cr致色,V对颜色有一定贡献且Cr/V极高。根据LA-ICP-MS结合红外光谱可知,巴基斯坦斯瓦特祖母绿属于富碱祖母绿,在红外光谱...     

Preparation and Properties of Poly（ether ether ketone）/Carbon Nanotube Modified Polypropylene Janus Composite Separator北大核心CSCD

Lithium-ion batteries （LIBs）have attracted wide attention because of their broad prospects in electric vehicles. However,the safety problems and low multiplier performance of the commercial polyolefin separator limit their further development,due to the poor dimensional thermal stability and low electrolyte absorption rate. Poly（ether ether ketone）（PEEK）and carbon nanotube（CNT）are compounded to coat on polypropylene （PP） to prepare Janus composite separator （PP@C） through the phase inversion method. PP@C composite separator does not deform at 180 ℃ for 0. 5 h（only slight deformation）,illustrating excellent thermal stability. The electrolyte absorption rate of PP@C2 is 193. 8%. The electrolyte uptake rate of the PP@C2 composite membrane was 193. 8%,which was 64. 5% higher than the PP membrane,showing a superduper electrolyte permeability. As a result,the specific discharge capacity of LIBs assembled with PP@C2 composite separator is 157. 6 mA·h/g at 0. 2 C and 129. 8 mA·h/g at 2 C,showing good rate performance with the capacity recovery rate of more than 99%. This might be attributed to the ultra-high thermal stability of PEEK,the good affinity of the electrolyte,the high conductivity of CNT,as well as the uniform dispersion of Li+ ,so that the separator can have excellent electrochemical performance while improving safety. © 2022, Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

Research Progress of Regulation of Driving Forces in Short Peptide Supramolecular Self-Assembly北大核心CSCD

Some short peptides can spontaneously self-assemble into various nanostructures via the synergistic driving forces of non-covalent interactions. These non-covalent interactions,including electrostatic interaction,hydrogen bonding,aromatic interactions and other non-covalent interactions,are usually highly coupled together. Through rational sequence design and proper modification of short peptide molecules,the driving forces could be regulated purposively,and the nanostructures and morphologies of the self-assemblies could be controlled accordingly,and thus so as to achieve the fabrication of peptide-based supramolecular biomaterials and develop their functions. In this paper,the effects of hydrogen bonding,π-π stacking, electrostatic interaction,hydrophobic interaction,metal ion coordination and chiral center on the self-assembly behavior of peptide self-assembly have been reviewed. The driving force regulation strategies, including sequence design,pH and concentration adjustment and metal ion coordination,and the resulted nanostructures have also been discussed. We also make the outlooks on the development of peptide-based supramolecular biomaterials with specific functions in biomedicines and biocatalysis. © 2022, Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

在封闭结构中水对爆炸冲击波的削波、减压作用

采用数值方法计算了封闭矩形空间中布置在炸药周围的水对爆炸冲击波的削波作用以及对于气室压力的削减作用。计算结果显示 ,在各种不同的载荷密度和水 /药质量比参数条件下 ,冲击波峰值压力和气室压力均得到明显的削减。还计算了一个具有开口的模型隧道中水的削波作用 ,并将计算结果与实验测量数据进行了比较。     

45~#碳钢表面激光铬镍合金化及其耐磨性的研究

作者利用1.1kW CO_2激光器对45~#碳钢表面进行了激光铬镍合金化处理。通过对合金层的成分和相组织分析,以及对合金层和基体的硬度与耐磨性的研究认为,激光铬镍合金化层的组织是胞状枝晶,其相组成为马氏体加残余奥氏体。测试结果表明,合金层的显微硬度是45~#碳钢基体的2～3倍,耐磨性也明显地比基体材料的好。