多功能中子反射谱仪

正中国散裂中子源(CSNS)项目是我国"十二五"期间重点建设的大科学装置,列入国家中长期科学和技术发展规划,属于国际前沿的高科技多学科应用的大型研究平台。多功能反射谱仪(MR)是CSNS首批建设的三台谱仪之一,中子反射谱仪是通过分析来自样品的反射中子研究物质的表面和界面结构,主要应用领域包括:各种新兴薄膜材料的结构、磁性低维结构及表面磁性、聚合物膜及生物膜的结构和界面现象、液体物质及固液界面等。本文通过回顾反射技术     

大型彩色纹影系统像面均匀性分析

采用无大口径窗口玻璃光路系统设计了Φ1 200mm口径彩色纹影系统,并建模分析了该大型彩色纹影系统在重力、温度、气体冲击等复杂工作状况下的纹影像面照度均匀性.针对2.0mm切1/4、2.0mm切1/2、0.5mm切3/4这3种典型狭缝宽度和刀口切割量的组合,分别分析了该系统在理想状态下和考虑系统综合误差时系统像面照度的均匀性.结果表明:在考虑系统综合误差时,纹影像面均匀性较理想情况降低,在较低灵敏度下,整个像面照度不均匀性范围为-2.44%~2.45%;在中等灵敏度下,不均匀性范围为-3.43%~3.45%;在较高灵敏度下,不均匀性范围为-5.76%~5.81%,说明该系统能满足实际工程应用要求.     

电解法制备棒状金纳米粒子溶胶

纳米材料的光学、磁学和电学性质依赖于粒子的尺寸和形状 .因此 ,合成过程中实现纳米粒子形貌的控制非常重要 [1,2].金溶胶在紫外-可见-近红外区的光吸收行为主要取决于金纳米粒子内部电子集体运动的等离子共振 ,其频率由粒子的尺寸所决定 .由于棒状金纳米粒子有横截直径与长度两个特征尺寸 .与大小同其横截直径相当的球形粒子相比 ,棒状粒子除了在 520 nm附近的吸收之外 (横截峰 ,SPt),还在长波方向有一个吸收峰 (长轴峰 ,SPl),其位置随"长径比"的增加而显著红移 [3,4].为了深入研究棒状金纳米粒子由尺寸和形状决定的各种特性及其应用 ,W…     

具有短期惯导功能的平台罗经原理比较分析

具备短期惯导功能是光今平台罗经发展的主流。传统的摆式罗经、惯性导航系统和具有短期惯导功能的平台罗经系统在原理和应用上有着密切的联系和一定的差异。本文从八个方面对三者的区别和联系进行了不同深度地讨论。指出三种系统最核心的差异是找北原理的差异,其它区别多数是围绕这一差异在不同方面的表现。从这些分析中已可以较清晰地理解具有短期惯导的平台罗经系统介于传统的摆式平台罗惯性导航系统的特点和地位,这对于明确具有     

基于Delaunay网格和DLP的三维指纹识别系统设计

针对目前已有的嵌入式指纹识别系统存在的识别精度底和识别效率低的问题,设计了一种基于单DLP处理器的嵌入式三维指纹识别系统;首先,以TMS320VC5402为处理器核心,FPS200为图像采集芯片,EPM7128为外围逻辑设计了指纹识别系统硬件;然后,设计了基于Delaunay网格的上位机指纹识别软件,将指纹识别过程分为细节点DT网格构造、识别参考点获取、待识别指纹姿势校正和指纹匹配四个阶段进行实现;最后,采用指纹数据库FVC2004为测试数据库在上位机上进行仿真,测试结果表明:文中系统能较为精确地实现指纹识别,平均正确识别率高达98.1%,且与其他方法相比,具有FNMR和FMR值较低、正确识别率高和匹配时间少的优点。     

Anomalous Hall effect in perpendicular CoFeB thin films

Our recent research achievements in the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy （PMA） properties of the CoFeB sand- wiched by MgO and tantalum layers are summarized. We found that the PMA behaviors of Ta/CoFeB/MgO and MgO/CoFeB/Ta thin films are different. The larger PMA in the latter film is related to the lower magnetization of CoFeB deposited on MgO. Furthermore, we have demonstrated a large anomalous Hall effect in perpendicular CoFeB thin fihn. Our results show large anomalous Hall resistivity, large longitudinal resistivity, and low switching field can be achieved, all at the same time, in the perpendicular CoFeB thin film. Anomalous Hall effect with high and linear sensitivity is also found in an MgO/CoFeBFFa thin film with a thick MgO layer, which opens a door tbr future device applications of perpendicular ferromagnetic thin films.     

金纳米粒子在平整硅基表面上的组装

采用水相硅烷化方法,将３－氨基丙基－三甲氧基硅烷（ＡＰＳ）组装在湿化学法处理的单晶硅表面上。接触角、原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）、Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）表征结果显示得到了平整均匀的具有氨基表面的自组装膜。ＳＥＭ观察表明,１６ｎｍ的金纳米粒子可以在上述氨基表面上形成均匀的亚单层排布,得到了具有Ａｕ纳米粒子／ＡＰＳ／Ｓｉ形成的纳米复合结构,进一步的处理可以使金纳米粒子在表面上的排列由随机趋于有序化。     

磷脂在膜结构间的交换:温度和离子强度的影响

磷脂跨膜交换对生物膜功能与药学研究有重要意义.石英电子微天平及耗散系数测量仪被用于研究囊泡与支撑膜间磷脂的交换行为.研究表明:首先,在磷脂跨膜输运过程中,热力学环境和离子强度对支撑膜表面吸附囊泡的形变程度影响较小,囊泡与支撑膜的总接触面积直接取决于囊泡的吸附数量;其次,交换过程中膜结构间最大总接触面积随着温度的升高和离子强度的降低而增大,温度和离子引起的囊泡吸附速率和跨膜交换速率的变化在其中发挥着关键调节作用.本研究有助于加深对磷脂在生理条件下跨膜输运过程的理解,并为基于脂质体的药物载运体系研究提供参考.     

Regulation of the intermittent release of giant unilamellar vesicles under osmotic pressure

Osmotic pressure can break the fluid balance between intracellular and extracellular solutions. In hypo-osmotic solution, water molecules, which transfer into the cell and burst, are driven by the concentration difference of solute across the semi-permeable membrane. The complicated dynamic processes of intermittent bursts have been previously observed. However, the underlying physical mechanism has yet to be thoroughly explored and analyzed. Here, the intermittent release of inclusion in giant unilamellar vesicles was investigated quantitatively, applying the combination of experimental and theoretical methods in the hypo-osmotic medium. Experimentally, we adopted a highly sensitive electron multiplying charge-coupled device to acquire intermittent dynamic images. Notably, the component of the vesicle phospholipids affected the stretch velocity, and the prepared solution of vesicles adjusted the release time. Theoretically, we chose equations and numerical simulations to quantify the dynamic process in phases and explored the influences of physical parameters such as bilayer permeability and solution viscosity on the process. It was concluded that the time taken to achieve the balance of giant unilamellar vesicles was highly dependent on the molecular structure of the lipid. The pore lifetime was strongly related to the internal solution environment of giant unilamellar vesicles. The vesicles prepared in viscous solution were able to visualize long-lived pores. Furthermore, the line tension was measured quantitatively by the release velocity of inclusion, which was of the same order of magnitude as the theoretical simulation. In all, the experimental values well matched the theoretical values. Our investigation clarified the physical regulatory mechanism of intermittent pore formation and inclusion release, which provides an important reference for the development of novel technologies such as gene therapy based on transmembrane transport as well as controlled drug delivery based on liposomes.     

纳米化学(续)

7　针尖化学———在ＳＰＭ针尖上做文章　　针尖化学是北京大学纳米化学实验室于 1 997年提出的新概念。这里的针尖是指扫描探针显微镜的探针。ＳＴＭ和ＡＦＭ是强有力的表面成像工具 ,能够看到原子、分子水平的结构细节。但是 ,它们只能看到表面上有东西 ,并不知道是什么。换句话说 ,不具备“识别”能力。如果利用特殊的功能分子对针尖进行化学修饰 ,进行能动的分子设计 ,则有可能弥补ＳＰＭ这种“只认东西不识货”的不足。事实上 ,通过能动地设计针尖 ,能动地利用针尖 ,使其具有化学识别功能、化学响应功能、化学“透镜”功能等等 ,可以…