Origin of the 420 nm Absorption Band and Effect of Doping Fluorine in PbWO4 Crystals

The electronic structures for three types of PbW04 (PWO) crystals, the perfect PWO, the PWO containing lead vacancy (PWO-Vpb) and fluorine doped PWO crystal (F^-：PWO), are systematically studied within the framework of density functional theory. The computational results show that the Pb 6s state situates below the valence band so that Pb^2 ions are unable to trap holes forming Pb^3 or Pb^4 to compensate for VPb^2-. The hole-trappers in PWO-Vpb are O^2- ions. Two of the longer-bond O^2- ions share a hole forming O2^3-, and four of the longer-bond oxygen ions trap two holes forming an associated color centre [O2^3--Vpb-O2^3-], which may be the origin of the 42Onto absorption band. It is also concluded that the doping of F^- would reduce the band gap and F^- ions substituting for O^2- can effectively restrict the formation of [O2^3--Vpb-O2^3-] and weaken the 42Onm absorption band and hence enhance the scintillation property of PWO.     

用脉冲激光同轴全息技术测量微射流

强冲击载荷下自由表面的粒子喷射现象还没有被清楚认识，很难从理论上给以准确的计算模型，因而从实验测定材料在冲击载荷下自由面面喷射物质的分布和粒子尺寸大小就显得非常重要。测量微粒场的脉冲激光同轴全息技术，具有在纳秒或更在短时间内“固化”运动微粒场、测量精度高、景深长、光路简单和获得的信息量大等优点。这些优势使得脉冲激光同轴全息技术成为研究微喷射场的重要测试手段之一。     

高效光学加工技术

为验证国产大口径KDP晶体金刚石车床（图1）的加工能力，进行了多次试验。加工的φ150mm小于0．52的铝镜面已达到与俄罗斯机床同等水平。但同时进行的一轮KDP晶体车削试验，结果并不满意，其单次透射波前畸变近4λ，原因可能是KDP晶体的装夹存在问题，导致加工效率不佳。而且加工中还产生周期性波纹，可能是由于机床压缩空气供给系统的周期性启动，造成周期性的压力波动。     

理想的胰岛素晶体

在自然界或实验室内 ,“理想化”总是一个难以实现的概念 .但最近美国休斯顿大学的P .Vekilov教授及其同事们发现 ,他们常常可以将胰岛素晶体生长成理想的晶体形式 .他们让胰岛素蛋白质在一个已有的胰岛素晶体的螺旋位错缺陷处进行生长 ,蛋白质将绕着这个缺陷发生晶化并形成一个理想晶状胰岛素 .这是因为螺旋位错常常使晶层间产生一个微小的角度偏差 .对于大多数的晶体来说 ,晶层间的相互作用能促进晶体生长时界面间的配置 ,并导致晶层阶跃发生束缚和形成一个有条纹的晶体 .除此之外 ,在溶液中输入被溶解物质也能引起晶层阶跃的约束 .胰岛…     

单光子态的产生与测量

报道了通过自发参量下转换产生单光子态的实验研究,使用中心波长425 nm的飞秒脉冲泵浦Ⅰ类非共线相位匹配的BBO晶体,在实验上得到单光子计数率为2.978×10-4,并分析了实验中的相关问题.     

γ-辐照对纯Y_2SiO_5和Eu~(3+)∶Y_2SiO_5晶体光谱性能的影响

研究了γ-辐照前后纯Y2SiO5和Eu3+掺杂的Y2SiO5晶体吸收光谱的变化,辐照后,未退火和氢气退火的纯Y2SiO5晶体在260~270 nm和320 nm波段产生了附加吸收峰,分别是由F心和O-心的吸收引起的;经过空气退火的纯YSO晶体中,由于消除了氧空位,因此辐照后没有出现色心吸收峰。在Eu3+∶Y2SiO5晶体中,不但有相同的F心和O-心吸收峰,而且还有Eu2+离子在300 nm和390 nm的吸收峰。随着辐照剂量的增加,色心附加吸收峰增强。空气退火能减少Eu3+∶Y2SiO5晶体中的色心,而氢气退火能增加色心。     

激光晶体YAG中Er3+的辐射跃迁

本文讨论和分析了激光晶体YAG中Er3+离子的激光上能级的4S3/2、4I11/2和4I13/2辐射跃迁的有关因素。     

Fabrication of Compound Lattice by Holographic Lithography

Some compound lattices in photonic crystals with large complete photonic band gaps, such as the diamond structure and the two-dimensional hexagonal compound structure, is desired for fabrication. A novel method for fabrication of compound lattices by holographic lithography is reported. The key point is phase modulation by photoelectrical control and multiple-exposure techniques. This technique introduces many advances: for instance,using the same coherent beams and without changing the position of the sample during multiple-exposure.     

Local Lyapunov Exponent for the Bak-Sneppen Model

The chaotic Property of the Bak-Sneppen model is studied from the local Lyapunov exponent in the same way as for dynamical nonlinear systems.Similar behaviour is found for the one- and two-dimensional Bak-Sneppen models.The Lyapunov exponents for the two cases have the same order of magnitude and both decrease at early evolution but show a slow increasing saturation at late evolution.     

Pyroelectricity and Spontaneous Polarization in [111] Oriented 0.955 Pb（Zn1/3Nb2/3）O3-0.045PbTiO3 Single Crystals

We report that the measurements of the pyroelectric current of the pre-poled [111]-oriented 0.955 Pb（Zn1/3Nb2/3） O3-0.045 PbTiO3 （PZN-4.5%PT） single crystals can shed some light on the phase transition and spontaneous polarization characters of this material in a similar way to measures of remanent polarization and dielectric properties. The pyroelectric current is measured and the corresponding spontaneous polarization is calculated as a function of temperature with various poling fields added during cooling the sample from 200℃ to room temperature. Critical electric field of 0.061 k V/cm is found to be essential to induce the intermediate ferroelectric orthorhombic phase between the ferroelectric rhombohedral and tetragonal phases. Below the critical field, the polarization increases almost linearly with the increase of poling field. At the critical field, the polarization at 30OC increases abruptly from 14μC/cm^2 for a poling field of O.06kV/cm to 29.5μC/cm^2 for a poling field of 0.061 kV/cm, and afterwards, increases slowly and saturates to 31 μC/cm^2 for poling fields beyond 0.55 kV/cm.