Optimization of electrospun TiO2 nanofibers photoanode film for dye‐sensitized solar cells through interfacial pre‐treatment,controllable calcination,and surface post‐treatment

Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are generally viewed as next generation photovoltaic devices. Electrospun TiO₂ nanofibers (NFs) film can be used to construct photoanode for DSSCs. A systematic strategy to optimize such a novel photoanode material of DSSCs was elaborated in this paper. A main drawback of NFs photoanode is the poor adhesion of ceramic NFs film to its conductive glass substrate. This problem can be well solved by sandwiching a transition layer between the overlaid NFs film and the underlaid glass substrate through an interfacial spin‐coating pre‐treatment. After electrospinning, a controllable calcination is also indispensable for obtaining an ideal nanofibrous mat with good morphology and adhesion. The choice of calcination parameters including temperature, holding time, and heating rate was discussed in detail. In addition, a surface TiCl₄ post‐treatment can further improve adhesion as well as strength for the NFs photoanode film. And the performance of the resulting DSSCs will benefit from the TiCl₄ post‐treatment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

染料敏化太阳能电池Sm~(3+)掺杂TiO_2下转换光阳极的制备及性能

用溶胶-水热法制备了Sm3+掺杂的Ti O2粉体(Ti O2∶Sm3+),将其按不同质量分数掺杂到P25基体中,制备了具有下转换功能的光阳极,并将其用于染料敏化太阳能电池中,提高了电池的光电性能。荧光光谱显示,Ti O2∶Sm3+粉体可以将紫外光转换为570~700 nm的可见光。当下转换光阳极中Ti O2∶Sm3+粉体的掺杂质量分数为80%时,短路电流密度达到13.12 m A/cm2,与纯P25光阳极相比,提高了26.5%,转换效率也提高了23.5%。     

含有TiO2刺球散射中心光阳极的设计及其在染料敏化太阳能电池的应用

采用水热法制备了一种刺球状TiO_2(NT),将其作为光散射中心,与纳米晶TiO_2混合,制备成一种底层为P25薄膜(作为染料吸收层),上层为添加NT散射层的混合结构的薄膜光阳极。探讨了NT添加量对薄膜性能的影响,实验结果表明,当NT与P25粉体的质量比为35%时电池光电性能最优,电池短路光电流密度为14.30 m A·cm~(-2),其光电转换效率达到7.38%。质量比继续增大,当达到50%时电池性能有所下降,光电转换效率降为5.99%,同时染料吸附量也由73.2μmol·cm~(-2)降到70.1μmol·cm~(-2)。这表明过量的大颗粒TiO_2刺球散射中心会减少光阳极的比表面积从而降低染料的有效吸附量,并且还会引起不必要的反向散射,只有适量的散射中心才能得到最佳性能的太阳能电池器件。     

Formation of efficient dye-sensitized solar cells by introducing an interfacial layer of hierarchically ordered macro-mesoporous TiO_2 film

Hierarchically ordered macro-mesoporous TiO2 films (Ti-Ma-Me) were fabricated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates through the confinement self-assembly method. The prepared Ti-Ma-Me possesses periodically ordered structure and a large specific surface area, which was applied as an interfacial layer between the nanocrystalline TiO2 film (P25-TiO2) and FTO electrode in the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The introduction of a Ti-Ma-Me interfacial layer increased the shortcircuit current density (Js...     

染料敏化太阳能电池掺杂TiO2纳晶光阳极

染料敏化太阳能电池（dye-sensitized solar cells, DSC）效率高、制作简单、成本低,因此被认为是最有希望的第三代太阳能电池。DSC光阳极的主要作用是吸附染料、传输电子和提供电解质扩散通道,因此对DSC光电性能具有决定性作用。近年来,通过掺杂调控TiO₂光阳极的电子特性,从而提高DSC的光电效率受到广泛关注。本文对掺杂TiO₂光阳极的研究现状进行了综述,重点分析了非金属元素、过渡金属元素及主族元素的掺杂对TiO₂光阳极的能带结构、光吸收特性、染料吸附量、电子传输和界面复合过程以及所组装DSC光电性能的影响,分析了非金属元素共掺杂的协同效应。同时,对稀土元素掺杂TiO₂作为光谱转换材料提高DSC光吸收效率和光电转换效率进行了探讨,最后论文对掺杂TiO₂光阳极今后的研究重点和研究方向进行了展望。     

基于石墨烯基电极染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

对近几年石墨烯基电极染料敏化太阳能电池的研究成果进行了追踪,分析了多种改性石墨烯电极应用于染料敏化太阳能电池后能量转换效率变化的原因,深入研究了改善石墨烯对电解质的还原电催化反应活性物理机理,为解决该电池存在的问题理清了思路,对该方向未来的研究工作给出了建议,探索和制备新材料以进一步打破石墨烯的层间堆叠是提高该电池性能的关键。     

Thickness effect of the TiO2 nanofiber scattering layer on the performance of the TiO2 nanoparticle/TiO2 nanofiber-structured dye-sensitized solar cells

TiO₂ nanofibers (NFs) were fabricated by an electrospinning process and were used as scattering layers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The NF-coated photoanodes of the DSSCs were prepared with a variety of scattering layer thicknesses. The thickness effect of the scattering layer on the double-layered TiO₂ nanoparticle (NP)/TiO₂ NF structure was investigated through structural, morphological, and optical measurements. In the double-layered photoanode, the TiO₂ NP layer plays a major role in dye adsorption and light transmission, and the TiO₂ NF scattering layer improves the absorption of visible light due to the light scattering effects. The scattering effect of TiO₂ NFs layer was examined by the incident monochromatic photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) and UV–Vis spectrometry. The conversion efficiency for the 12 μm-thick photoanode composed of a 2 μm-thick TiO₂ NF layer and 10 μm-thick TiO₂ NP layer was higher than that of DSSCs with only TiO₂ NPs photoanode by approximately 33%.     

Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production from Water on a WO3/BiVO4 Photoanode and from O2 on an Au Cathode Without External Bias

The photoelectrochemical production and degradation properties of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were investigated on a WO₃/BiVO₄ photoanode in an aqueous electrolyte of hydrogen carbonate (HCO₃⁻). High concentrations of HCO₃⁻ species rather than CO₃²⁻ species inhibited the oxidative degradation of H₂O₂ on the WO₃/BiVO₄ photoanode, resulting in effective oxidative H₂O₂ generation and accumulation from water (H₂O). Moreover, the Au cathode facilitated two‐electron reduction of oxygen (O₂), resulting in reductive H₂O₂ production with high current efficiency. Combining the WO₃/BiVO₄ photoanode with a HCO₃⁻ electrolyte and an Au cathode also produced a clean and promising design for a photoelectrode system specializing in H₂O₂ production (η _anode(H₂O₂)≈50 %, η _cathode(H₂O₂)≈90 %) even without applied voltage between the photoanode and cathode under simulated solar light through a two‐photon process; this achieved effective H₂O₂ production when using an Au‐supported porous BiVO₄ photocatalyst sheet.     

基于量子点涂料的柔性光阳极及碳基对电极的制备和优化

首先制备出量子点(QDs)/TiO_2涂料,分别采用丝网印刷法与刀刮法将涂料涂覆于ITO/PET柔性基底上,结果表明刀刮法制备量子点敏化太阳电池(QDSCs)效果更佳,且具有普适性。基于铜片对电极所组装的ZnCuInSe,CdSe和CdSeTe量子点半柔性QDSCs最高效率分别达2.83%,2.46%和1.99%。另外,我们对石墨纸进行表面化学修饰以提高亲水性,再通过简单的连续离子交换吸附法(SILAR)在石墨纸上负载Cu_xS纳米粒子,制备出Cu_xS/GP柔性对电极,进一步组装成全柔性QDSCs,获得了2.13%光电转化效率。     

基于量子点涂料的柔性光阳极及碳基对电极的制备和优化

首先制备出量子点（QDs）/TiO₂涂料,分别采用丝网印刷法与刀刮法将涂料涂覆于ITO/PET柔性基底上,结果表明刀刮法制备量子点敏化太阳电池（QDSCs）效果更佳,且具有普适性。基于铜片对电极所组装的ZnCuInSe,CdSe和CdSeTe量子点半柔性QDSCs最高效率分别达2.83%,2.46%和1.99%。另外,我们对石墨纸进行表面化学修饰以提高亲水性,再通过简单的连续离子交换吸附法（SILAR）在石墨纸上负载Cu_xS纳米粒子,制备出Cu_xS/GP柔性对电极,进一步组装成全柔性QDSCs,获得了2.13%光电转化效率。