Hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction combined with on-line sweeping for trace analysis of Strychnos alkaloids in urine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

A new method for the enrichment of Strychnos alkaloids in biological samples via liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) based on porous polypropylene hollow fibers combined with on-line sweeping in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was developed. Strychnos alkaloids were first extracted from urine sample which was adjusted to alkaline conditions (0.5 mol l(-1) NaOH). The unionized analytes were subsequently extracted into 1-octanol impregnated in the pores of hollow fibers, and then into an acidic acceptor solution (100 mmol l(-1) H3PO4) inside the hollow fiber. The extract was analyzed directly by on-line sweeping in MEKC. In the method, the compound berberine was used as the internal standard (I.S.) for the improvement of the experimental reproducibility. The calibration curve was linear over a range of 20-200 ng ml(-1) for both strychnine and brucine in human urine sample, with a correlation coefficient of 0.996 and 0.997, respectively. The detection limits (S/N=3:1) for strychnine and brucine were 1 and 2 ng ml(-1), respectively. The LPME-sweeping method has been successfully applied to the analysis of strychnine and brucine in real urine sample, indicating that LPME-sweeping-MEKC is a promising combination for analysis of basic drugs present at low levels in some biological matrices.     

波长检测型表面等离子体共振传感器对硫堇电聚合成膜的原位分析

利用波长检测型表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器对硫堇在金膜表面的电化学聚合成膜过程进行了跟踪分析.结果表明,在固定入射角下SPR共振波长随循环伏安扫描周数的增加而线性红移,表明聚硫堇膜的生长是匀速的;扫描100周后共振波长红移总量为96.6 nm.对该实验结果进行理论拟合,得出聚硫堇膜的厚度约为71 nm.聚硫堇膜在酸性缓冲液中的电化学活性很高,其电化学反应过程受扩散控制,在一个完整的循环伏安扫描过程中SPR共振波长的变化完全可逆,说明聚硫堇膜的氧化反应和还原反应是一对可逆过程.与还原态聚硫堇膜相比,氧化态聚硫堇膜对应的SPR共振波长较大,说明氧化态聚硫堇膜折射率高.     

Unique melting behavior in phase-change materials for rewritable data storage

Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is a technologically very important phase-change material for rewritable optical and electrical storage because it can be switched rapidly back and forth between amorphous and crystalline states for millions of cycles by appropriate pulsed heating. However, an understanding of this complicated phenomenon has not yet been achieved. Here, by ab initio molecular dynamics, we unravel the reversible phase transition process of GST. The melting of rocksalt-structured GST is unique in that it forms two-dimensional linear or tangled clusters while keeping order in the perpendicular direction. It is this specific character that results in the fast and reversible phase transition between amorphous and crystalline and hence rewritable data storage.     

修饰铂阳极上氯离子对4种有机醇电氧化反应的阻化作用

采用循环伏安法和计时电流法,分别在裸铂电极和聚缬氨酸/含稀土氰桥混合配位聚合物化学修饰铂(Poly-valine/Nd-Fe-Mo Cy MCP/Pt)电极上定量研究了支持电解质中氯离子对甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇和异丙醇4种有机醇阳极氧化伏安特性的影响.结果表明,在弱酸性介质中,无论在裸铂电极或修饰铂电极上,电解液中的氯离子对4种醇的阳极氧化反应均可产生阻化作用.当阻化作用显著发生时,相应氯离子的临界浓度均介于10-5~10-6mol/L之间,说明铂阳极上氯离子的足量吸附是导致4种醇电极氧化反应被阻化的主要原因.此外,通过讨论氯离子浓度变化对4种醇正、反扫描过程中不同氧化峰电流间比值及计时电流曲线的影响,初步证明在4种有机醇分子涉及生成CO及CO2产物的氧化反应步骤与涉及生成其它氧化产物的反应步骤之间,氯离子的阻化作用存在明显差异.     

Ab initio study of the potential energy surface and product branching ratios for the reaction of O(1D) with CH3CH2Br

The potential energy surface of O(¹D) + CH₃CH₂Br reaction has been studied using QCISD(T)/6‐311++G(d,p)//MP2/6‐311G(d,p) method. The calculations reveal an insertion‐elimination reaction mechanism of the title reaction. The insertion process has two possibilities: one is the O(¹D) inserting into C? Br bond of CH₃CH₂Br producing one energy‐rich intermediate CH₃CH₂OBr and another is the O(¹D) inserting into one of the C? H bonds of CH₃CH₂Br producing two energy‐rich intermediates, IM1 and IM2. The three intermediates subsequently decompose to various products. The calculations of the branching ratios of various products formed though the three intermediates have been carried out using RRKM theory at the collision energies of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 kcal/mol. CH₃CH₂O + Br are the main decomposition products of CH₃CH₂OBr. CH₃COH + HBr and CH₂CHOH + HBr are the main decomposition products for IM1; CH₂CHOH + HBr are the main decomposition products for IM2. As IM1 is more stable and more likely to form than CH₃CH₂OBr and IM2, CH₃COH + HBr and CH₂CHOH + HBr are probably the main products of the O(¹D) + CH₃CH₂Br reaction. Our computational results can give insight into reaction mechanism and provide probable explanations for future experiments. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011     

A topological pattern for the understanding of the stability and aromaticity of closo-boranes: constructing closo-borane from nido-boranes

The closo-boranes B _n H _n ^2? (6????n????12) have been constructed topologically by fusing together of the two component nido-boranes B₅H₉ and B₆H₁₀. The stability and aromaticity of the closo-boranes can be regarded as inherited from the two component nido-boranes, and the closo-boranes which can be formed by two same nido-boranes through sharing a ??ring?? fragment or without sharing any BH fragment are more stable than other types of closo-boranes. It can be anticipated that the constructing method of this article can bring enlightment to the structural interpretation process of other systems.     

Microwave-assisted purge-and-trap extraction device coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of five predominant odors in sediment,fish tissues,and algal cells

Off-flavors are among the most troublesome compounds in the environment worldwide. The lack of a viable theory for studying the sources, distribution, and effect of odors has necessitated the accurate measurement of odors from environmental compartments. A rapid and flexible microwave-assisted purge-and-trap extraction device for simultaneously determining five predominant odors, namely, dimethyltrisulfide, 2-methylisoborneol, geosmin, β-cyclocitral and β-ionone, from the primary sources and sinks is demonstrated. This instrument facilitates the extraction and concentration of odors from quite different matrices simultaneously. This device is a solvent-free automated system that does not require cleaning and is timesaving. The calibration curves of the five odor compounds showed good linearity in the range of 1–500 ng/L, with correlation coefficients above 0.999 (levels = 7) and with residuals ranging from approximately 77% to 104%. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were below 0.15 ng/L in algae sample and 0.07 ng/g in sediment and fish tissue samples. The relative standard deviations were between 2.65% and 7.29% (n = 6). Thus the proposed design is ready for rapid translation into a standard analytical tool and is useful for multiple applications in the analysis of off-flavors.     

电化学循环放大法检测腺嘌呤甲基转移酶的活性

DNA甲基转移酶(Dnmt)可以催化DNA的甲基化反应的发生。生物体内DNA异常甲基化可能导致肿瘤的发生和演进。因此,在疾病的治疗和预防中,Dnmt可能成为一个重要的分子靶标。本文以DNA腺嘌呤甲基转移酶(Dam)为研究对象,设计了含-GATC-特定序列的双链DNA和巯基标记及二茂铁基团的两条互补DNA链作为阴阳探针,从Dam和核酸内切酶DpnI的特异性识别作用出发,利用核酸链之间的竞争性杂交实现对甲基转移酶活性的检测,并利用λ核酸外切酶特异性识别作用,构建电化学循环放大检测甲基转移酶活性的新方法来提高检测的灵敏度。更多还原     

Synthesis of silver nanowires via electroplating technology and its surface enhanced Raman scattering effect

This very paper is focusing on the preparation of silver nanostructures and the surface enhanced Raman scattering effect of the silver nanostructures produced. Via electroplating technology, silver nanowires and nanoparticles were prepared on silicon wafers. Characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope equipped with X-ray energy dispersion spectroscope and selected area electron diffraction, which reveals that the formation of silver nanostructures depends on the over-potential. The produced silver nanowires are of crystalline FCC structure and grow in 〈0 1 1〉 direction. The growth mechanism has been further discussed. The surface enhanced Raman scattering effect is achieved with the silver nanostructures produced.     

X射线荧光光谱法测定铀钼合金中钼

建立铀钼合金中钼的X射线荧光光谱测定方法.用硝酸–盐酸混合酸溶解样品,调节样品溶液pH值为1～2,在选定的仪器工作条件下进行测定,采用α校正消除干扰.钼的质量分数在1.0％～16.0％范围内与X荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9999,检出限为0.039％.样品加标回收率为99％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0...