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31.
E. N. Brown R. B. Willms G. T. Gray III P. J. Rae C. M. Cady K. S. Vecchio J. Flowers M. Y. Martinez 《Experimental Mechanics》2007,47(3):381-393
The current work presents the characterization and comparison of the mechanical response of three different industrial forms
of polyethylene. Specifically, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and cross-linked
polyethylene (PEX) were tested in compression as a function of temperature (−75 to 100°C) and strain-rate (10−4 to 2,600 s−1). The responses of UHMWPE and PEX are very similar, whereas HDPE exhibits some differences. The HDPE samples display a significantly
higher yield stress followed by a flat flow behavior. Conversely UHMWPE and PEX both exhibit significant strain hardening
after yield. The temperature and strain-rate dependence are captured by simple linear and logarithmic fits over the full range
of conditions investigated. The yield behavior is presented in terms of an empirical mapping function that is extended to
analytically solve for the mapping constant. The power-law dependence on strain-rate observed in some polymers is explained
using this mapping function. 相似文献
32.
Faruk Civan 《Transport in Porous Media》2007,67(2):329-334
An Arrhenius-type asymptotic-exponential function is derived to describe the temperature dependence of the power needed for
detachment of fine particles from pore walls in porous media. 相似文献
33.
François Golanski Véronique Fortuné Eric Lamballais 《Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics》2005,19(6):391-416
The ability of Lighthill's analogy to predict the sound radiated by a transitional mixing layer is evaluated by means of direct
numerical simulation (DNS). The specific case of low Mach number flows with density variations is investigated. In order to
limit the global computational cost, the acoustic source information is based on numerical results where the sound waves have
been removed. It is shown that the low Mach number approximation coupled with the acoustic analogy can lead to very accurate
predictions for the radiated sound if the acoustic sources in Lighthill's equation are taken into account carefully. Results
for the acoustic intensity deduced from a repeated use of the Lighthill's analogy over a wide range of Mach numbers allow
us to discuss the adequacy of scaling laws proposed by previous authors (J. Sound Vib. 28(3), 563–585, 1973; 31(4), 391–397, 1973; 48(1), 95–111, 1976) for the prediction of noise from hot jets. 相似文献
34.
Actual melt temperatures are rarely measured directly when conducting rheological characterisations of materials in non-ambient
conditions despite the potentially large influence temperature may have on the rheological data. For rheometers that use only
a temperature-regulated lower plate, it is likely that the set point and true melt temperatures differ, an effect that becomes
significant when characterising melts or suspensions close to phase-change events like crystallisation. This work investigates
the magnitude of these effects for a controlled-stress rheometer featuring a temperature-controlled lower plate. The lower
plate was fitted with a serrated cover disc that was found to exacerbate temperature deviations from the desired set point.
Steady-state radial and vertical temperature profiles within the sample were measured and compared with the predictions of
a finite element analysis model. The deviations between set point and measured temperatures were successfully predicted by
the simulation for two typical gap heights for a thermoplastic, ceramic paste. The non-ideal heat transfer characteristics
were also investigated numerically for a representative polymer system that demonstrated the increased deviations from ideal
values for lower thermal conductivity materials.
相似文献
D. Ian WilsonEmail: |
35.
Nucleation and development of phase transformation fronts in TiNi shape memory alloy subjected to the stress- and strain-controlled
tension tests were investigated. A thermovision camera was applied to register the distribution of infrared radiation emitted
by the specimen and to find its temperature variations. During the loading, narrow bands of considerably higher temperature
corresponding to the martensitic phase, starting from the central part of the specimen and developing towards the specimen
grips, under both approaches, were registered. The inclined bands of heterogeneous temperature distribution were observed
also during the unloading process of the SMA, while the reverse transformation accompanied by temperature decrease took place.
Thermomechanical aspects of martensitic and reverse transformations for various strain rates were analyzed under both stress-
and strain-controlled tests. 相似文献
36.
The sharkskin surface instability is commonly observed in the extrusion of polymer melts. We present a series of experiments in which a specifically designed rectangular slit die with insulated and independently heated sides and is used to induce precise temperature gradients across a flowing polyethylene melt. Our previous experiments demonstrated that the character of the surface distortions produced by the sharkskin instability was a function of the die wall temperature and therefore the extrudate had viscoelastic properties at the surface. In this paper, we explore the role of temperature and viscoelastic property gradients near the capillary wall. The amplitude of the sharkskin instability is quantified and plotted against apparent shear and extension rates. Analysis of the data demonstrates that the amplitude and frequency of the instability is independent of bulk temperature and temperature gradient and is dependent only on wall temperature. The data are normalized using a dimensionless Weissenberg number based on the extension rate to collapse the data collected over all temperatures and gradients onto a single master curve. We conclude with an example of a rectangular extrudate exhibiting varying surface roughness due to differential die heating and discuss the implications of our observations on the sharkskin surface instability mechanism and on commercial applications. 相似文献
37.
Shen-Hua Hu Jun-Jie YanJin-Shi Wang Yang LiJi-Ping Liu 《International Journal of Multiphase Flow》2007
This paper experimentally studied the effect of macroscopic temperature gradient on Marangoni condensation of ethanol–water vapor mixtures under a wide range of concentrations. For each concentration, the experiment was performed at different velocities and pressures. An oblique copper block was employed to create surface temperature gradient. The results indicated that local heat flux was varied along transversal condensation surface, which was caused by surface temperature gradient. This difference in heat flux might be attributed to the variation of condensate thickness on condensation surface. In addition, a mean heat transfer coefficient was derived along transversal condensation surface. For low ethanol concentration (0.5%, 1%), the coefficient kept a high value over a relative wide range of vapor-to-surface temperature difference (<10 K) and could be augmented as much as 15% as compared with literature under similar experimental condition. Moreover, the mean heat transfer coefficient generally increased with increasing velocity or pressure for all concentrations of the ethanol–water mixtures. 相似文献
38.
In this Note we study the effects of the temperature modulation, applied at the horizontal boundaries, on the onset of convection of a horizontal liquid Maxwellian layer. It is assumed that the temperature imposed features a steady component and a time dependent component. To analyse the effect of the temperature modulation, the study is restricted to a linear stability analysis. Thus the Floquet theory and a technique of converting a boundary value problem to an initial value problem are used to solve the system of equations corresponding to the onset of convection. Results obtained may be used to characterize the influence of modulation effects and that of the viscoelastic nature of liquid on the critical Rayleigh number. To cite this article: B. Oukada et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006). 相似文献
39.
CH4气体的精准检测对防止矿井瓦斯爆炸,确保安全生产至关重要。目前基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)存在因温度变化导致气体浓度测量误差较大。探究了基于TDLAS的CH4气体检测系统与温度补偿方法,分析温度对CH4气体吸收谱线的影响,通过算法补偿模型消除环境温度对CH4气体检测的影响。依据TDLAS技术原理及相关理论,对系统发射单元、吸收池、信号接收单元、数据处理单元进行设计,搭建了基于TDLAS技术的CH4气体浓度检测系统,实验检测了不同环境温度(10~50 ℃)时0.04%CH4气体浓度,分析温度变化对CH4气体在波长为1.653 μm处吸收谱线强度和半宽度的影响。为消除温度对CH4气体检测的影响并提高补偿效果,采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)优化BP神经网络(BPNN)的最佳权值和阈值,建立CH4气体的PSO-BP温度补偿模型,克服了BP神经网络收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优的缺点。结果表明:(1)基于TDLAS的CH4气体检测浓度随环境温度升高而下降,整个实验温度内相对误差范围为4.25%~12.13%,不同环境温度下CH4气体检测浓度与温度之间的关系可用一元三次多项式表示;(2)CH4气体的吸收强度和半宽度随着温度的升高而下降,与温度变化之间的关系为单调递减函数,温度对CH4气体吸收谱线强度的相对变化率大于吸收谱线半宽度的相对变化率,CH4气体吸收谱线的强度更容易受温度变化的影响;(3)BP神经网络和PSO-BP模型测试样本的绝对平均误差(MAE)分别为12.88%和1.81%,平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)分别为2.3%和0.3%,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为15.96%和2.69%,相关系数R2分别为0.980 6和0.999 6。通过建立PSO-BP温度补偿模型,补偿效果大部分分布在±1.0%的误差范围内,MAE,MAPE,RMSE和R2等评价指标均大幅度提升,对提高TDLAS技术在矿井CH4的精准检测具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
40.
Yingchun Wu Haipeng Li Xuecheng Wu Gérard Gréhan Lutz Mädler Cyril Crua 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2019,37(3):3211-3218
Droplet evaporation characterization, although of great significance, is still challenging. The recently developed phase rainbow refractometry (PRR) is proposed as an approach to measuring the droplet temperature, size as well as evaporation rate simultaneously, and is applied to a single flowing n-heptane droplet produced by a droplet-on-demand generator. The changes of droplet temperature and evaporation rate after a transient spark heating are reflected in the time-resolved PRR image. Results show that droplet evaporation rate increases with temperature, from ?1.28 m2/s at atmospheric 293 K to a range of (?1.5, ?8) m2/s when heated to (294, 315) K, agreeing well with the Maxwell and Stefan–Fuchs model predictions. Uncertainty analysis suggests that the main source is the indeterminate gradient inside droplet, resulting in an underestimation of droplet temperature and evaporation rate. With the demonstration on simultaneous measurements of droplet refractive index as well as droplet transient and local evaporation rate in this work, PRR is a promising tool to investigate single droplet evaporation in real engine conditions. 相似文献