Temperature-dependent Raman scattering study of cation-deficient Aurivillius phases: Bi2WO6 and Bi2W2O9

Temperature-dependent Raman scattering experiments were performed on Bi(2)WO(6) and Bi(2)W(2)O(9). Significant changes in the phonon properties of Bi(2)WO(6) were observed as the temperature was increased due to decreased distortion from the B2cb structure. It was shown that instability of the 57 cm(-1) mode that behaved as a soft mode under pressure is not responsible for the Pca2(1) to B2cb phase transition taking place in Bi(2)WO(6) at 933 K. This result confirmed that this mode is not related to the [Formula: see text] tilt mode, which disappears upon change in symmetry from Pca2(1) to B2cb. Bi(2)W(2)O(9) does not exhibit any structural phase transition in the 298-800 K range. However, the temperature dependence of Raman bands indicated that the Bi(2)W(2)O(9) structure evolves with decreasing temperature from 800 to 298 K towards a more symmetric structure that was reported above 2.8 GPa at room temperature. This structural change is driven by displacement of the W atoms and is different from that exhibited by Bi(2)WO(6) and other members of the Aurivillius family but similar to that exhibited by WO(3). Our results also show that Bi(2)W(2)O(9) belongs to the small group of compounds that show the presence of low wavenumber modes characterized by unusually small linewidths.     

Electronic properties of Fibonacci and random Si-Ge chains

In this paper we address a theoretical calculation of the electronic spectra of an Si-Ge atomic chain that is arranged in a Fibonacci quasi-periodic sequence, by using a semi-empirical quantum method based on the Hückel extended model. We apply the Fibonacci substitutional sequences in the atomic building blocks A(Si) and B(Ge) through the inflation rule or a recursion relation. In our ab initio calculations we use only a single point, which is sufficient for considering all the orbitals and charge distribution across the entire system. Although the calculations presented here are more complete than the models adopted in the literature which take into account the electronic interaction only up to the second and third neighbors, an interesting property remains in their electronic spectra: the fractality (which is the main signature of this kind of system). We discuss this fractality of the spectra and we compare them with the random arrangement of the Si-Ge atomic chain, and with previous results based on the tight-binding approximation of the Schr?dinger equation considering up to the nearest neighbor.     

超高场磁共振人体成像应用研究和医学前景

20世纪90年代初,随着第一代超高场磁共振成像仪的投入使用,因其诸多的优点,如更高的检测信噪比、更好的对比度、更强的BOLD效应和更宽的波谱,超高场磁共振成像成为国际医学磁共振领域最热门的研究方向之一.该文以最新一代的7.0 T MRI成像仪为例,简述超高场磁共振人体成像仪的系统结构、研究进展,并展望其在神经科学、认知科学和医学的应用前景.     

On self-affine tiles that are homeomorphic to a ball

Let M be a 3×3 integer matrix which is expanding in the sense that each of its eigenvalues is greater than 1 in modulus and let D?Z³ be a digit set containing |det M| elements. Then the unique nonempty compact set T = T(M, D) defined by the set equation MT = T+D is called an integral self-affine tile if its interior is nonempty. If D is of the form D = {0, v,...,(|det M|-1)v}, we say that T has a collinear digit set. The present paper is devoted to the topology of integral self-affine...     

Isospin-conserving hadronic decay of the Ds1(2460) into Dsπ+π-

The internal structure of the charm-strange mesons D_s0^*(2317) and D_s1(2460) are the subject of intensive studies.Their widths are small because they decay dominantly through isospinbreaking hadronic channels D_s0^*(2317)⁺→D_s⁺π⁰ and D_s1(2460)⁺→D_s^*+π⁰.The D_s1(2460) can also decay into the hadronic final states D_s⁺ππ...     

An infinite-dimensional representation of the Ray-Knight theorems

The classical Ray-Knight theorems for the Brownian motion determine the law of its local time process either at the first hitting time of a given value a by the local time at the origin, or at the first hitting time of a given position b by the Brownian motion. We extend these results by describing the local time process jointly for all a and b, by means of the stochastic integral with respect to an appropriate white noise. Our result applies to μ-processes, and has an immediate application: a μ...     

BANACH SPACES AND INEQUALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH NEW GENERALIZATION OF CESàRO MATRIX

Let the triangle matrix A^ru be a generalization of the Cesàro matrix and U ∈{c₀,c,l_∞}.In this study,we essentially deal with the space U(A^ru) defined by the domain of A^ru in the space U and give the bases,and determine the K?the-Toeplitz,generalized K?theToeplitz and bounded-duals of the space U(A^ru).We characterize the classes(l_∞(A^ru):l_∞),(l_∞(A^ru):c),(c(A^ru):c),and...     

受限纳尺度下蛋白质输运的主动操纵技术

蛋白质是人体细胞、组织的重要组成部分,与众多代谢活动密切相关,它们的一些微小改变就可能引发人体的重大疾病.因此,蛋白质检测是生物化学领域的重要课题.纳米孔技术能够在单分子水平甚至单氨基酸水平上实时检测蛋白质,有望成为最低成本和最高效的蛋白质检测方法之一.然而,使用纳米孔检测蛋白质时,由于实验条件和检测策略的原因,使得蛋白质在纳米孔中驻留时间过短,无法从蛋白质捕获的电信号中清晰地反映更多的生物细节信息.解决这一问题的关键在于控制蛋白质通过纳米孔时的输运速度,满足传感器件带宽的要求.本综述从外部力场竞争、内部力场相互作用、亲疏水相互作用、空间位阻效应等角度综述了蛋白质在纳米孔中输运的主动操纵技术,目的是提高纳米孔对蛋白质的捕获频率,延长蛋白质在纳米孔内的驻留时间,以实现高分辨率的蛋白质检测,充分揭示蛋白质分子的构象变化机制、反应动力学,甚至实现蛋白质测序等.最后对纳米孔传感技术在蛋白质检测方面存在的巨大挑战和发展趋势进行了详细展望和总结阐述.     

Three-dimensional mixed convection stagnation-point fow past a vertical surface with second-order slip velocity

This study is concerned with the three-dimensional(3D) stagnation-point for the mixed convection flow past a vertical surface considering the first-order and secondorder velocity slips. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study presenting this very interesting analysis. Nonlinear partial differential equations for the flow problem are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations(ODEs) by using appropriate similarity transformation. These ODEs with the corresponding boundar...     

镍铁层状双金属氢氧化物在不同pH电解液体系中的析氧反应（英文）

利用可再生电力驱动水分解提供了一种绿色和可持续的方式来生产氢气(H₂),而提高水分解效率的关键是开发高效的电催化剂.作为水分解反应的阴极,析氢反应(HER)仅需要两电子转移,目前的研究较为成熟.相比之下,析氧反应(OER)因涉及四个电子的转移,比HER过程更复杂.在众多析氧催化剂中,镍铁(NiFe)基电催化剂是碱性电解液体系中最佳的OER催化剂之一,然而其在中性及近中性体系中活性降低较多,从而限制了其在中性的海水电解及二氧化碳还原体系中的应用.目前,造成NiFe基催化剂在中性体系中性能较差的具体机制尚不清晰.文献报道,随着体系pH逐渐降低,NiFe基催化剂析氧性能也会随之变差;深入研究发现,碱性体系中更易于形成高价的Ni,Fe物质,但其是否对催化剂在水分解过程中有影响仍有待进一步研究.本文将电化学测试与原位光谱技术相结合,对镍铁层状双金属氢氧化物(NiFe LDH)在不同pH电解液体系中的析氧反应机理进行深入研究.电化学测试结果表明,随着pH值逐渐降低,NiFe LDH催化剂的析氧性能逐渐变差.原位表面增强拉曼光谱结果表明,不同pH电解液体系中NiOOH和“活性氧...