氧化铈气凝胶担载氧化铜催化剂的TPR研究

 采用程序升温还原研究了氧化铈气凝胶担载氧化铜催化剂的还原行为,并与其对一氧化碳氧化反应的催化活性进行了关联．发现此类催化剂中存在两种类型的氧化铜,即体相氧化铜和分散于载体表面的氧化铜,且后者中的部分氧化铜还原后易被氧化．随着此易被氧化的铜含量的增加,催化剂对一氧化碳氧化反应的催化活性升高,表明此种类型的铜为催化剂的活性组分．     

CeO2和La2O3改性Pd/γ-Al2O3甲醇低温分解催化剂的研究 Ⅱ. La2O3对Pd/CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂的结构和性能的影响

 在Pd／CeO2／γ－Al2O3中进一步添加La2O3,并考察了其催化甲醇分解性能．结果表明：La2O3的加入抑制了副产物二甲醚的生成;随着La2O3含量的增加,催化剂活性先降低后升高,w（La2O3）＝10％时甲醇转化率达到极大值（约91．4％）．XRD,BET,NH3－TPD,XPS,H2－TPR和FT－IR等表征结果表明：La2O3自身在γ－Al2O3载体上的分散性很好,并且促进了CeO2在γ－Al2O3载体上的分散及其体相氧的还原,使Pd的分散度进一步提高,并使Pd和CeO2之间的相互作用进一步增强,从而提高了催化剂催化甲醇分解的活性．     

铈镁铝混合氧化物催化剂的脱NOx性能

 用共沉淀法制得Mg-Al水滑石和二氧化铈的混合物,经750 ℃热活化,得到铈镁铝混合氧化物催化剂. 考察了催化剂的组成、反应温度、反应体系中氧含量、水蒸气及二氧化硫的存在对NO和CO反应活性的影响. 结果表明,铈镁铝混合氧化物催化剂具有较高的脱NOx活性,并具有优异的水热稳定性和一定的抗氧性及抗二氧化硫毒化的能力.     

Research on the electrochemistry of oxygen ion conductors in the former Soviet Union

This review is focused on the analysis of experimental results on oxygen ion-conducting ceramic materials based on HfO₂, CeO₂, and ThO₂, published in the former Soviet Union. In particular, the physicochemical and transport properties of fluorite-related oxides and the characteristics of electronic conduction in these solid electrolytes are briefly reviewed. Emphasis is given to electrocatalytic and electrochemical properties of cerium-containing oxides, which are promising materials for electrodes of electrochemical cells operating in reducing atmospheres, and mixed-conducting membranes. A comparative analysis of specific features of the solid-electrolyte ceramics based on hafnia, zirconia, ceria, and thoria is performed in order to reveal basic tendencies of oxygen ionic transport in fluorite-type oxides, and to identify the potential applicability of these materials in various high-temperature electrochemical devices. Received: 23 September 1999 / Accepted: 10 October 1999     

Extending Hirshfeld‐I to bulk and periodic materials

In this work, a method is described to extend the iterative Hirshfeld‐I method, generally used for molecules, to periodic systems. The implementation makes use of precalculated pseudopotential‐based electron density distributions, and it is shown that high‐quality results are obtained for both molecules and solids, such as ceria, diamond, and graphite. The use of grids containing (precalculated) electron densities makes the implementation independent of the solid state or quantum chemical code used for studying the system. The extension described here allows for easy calculation of atomic charges and charge transfer in periodic and bulk systems. The conceptual issue of obtaining reference densities for anions is discussed, and the delocalization problem for anionic reference densities originating from the use of a plane wave basis set is identified and handled. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

CeO2-La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化还原SO2反应机理的研究

 采用浸渍法制备了负载型CeO2/γ-Al2O3,La2O3/γ-Al2O3和CeO2-La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并用XRD和XPS对催化剂进行了表征,在n(SO2)/n(CO)=1/3,载流气体为N2,气体流量为1 L/min,催化剂用量为15 g的条件下,考察了催化剂催化CO还原SO2反应的性能,研究了催化剂的活化过程、催化活性和反应物配比对活性的影响. 结果表明,CeO2-La2O3/γ-Al2O3在催化还原SO2反应中的活化温度比单组分催化剂CeO2/γ-Al2O3或La2O3/γ-Al2O3下降了50~100 ℃,而且具有更高的活性. 这可以解释为由CeO2的redox反应与La2O3的COS中间物反应之间的协同作用所致. 还对SO2还原反应机理进行了探讨,发现CeO2的redox反应所生成的单质硫是整个过程中COS中间物反应的重要来源. 在此基础上,对CeO2-La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化CO还原SO2反应提出了redox-COS叠加反应机理.     

Pt/CeO2-ZrO2变换催化剂的制备、表征与性能

 用共沉淀法制备了不同Ce/Zr比的CeO2-ZrO2复合氧化物,用浸渍法制备了Pt/CeO2-ZrO2水煤气变换催化剂,并对该催化剂进行了活性评价. 结果表明,与传统的Cu基低变催化剂相比,该催化剂具有操作温度范围宽和抗氧化冲击等优点,具有应用于车载重整制氢过程的潜力. 考察了温度、空速和汽/气比等条件对催化剂活性的影响,对催化剂的制备参数和工艺参数进行了研究. 结果表明,不同Ce/Zr比的Pt/CeO2-ZrO2催化剂的活性相差很大,其中Pt/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2变换催化剂活性最高. XRD结果表明,制备的Pt/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2形成了固溶体. 通过增加单位质量催化剂表面的Pt原子数可提高催化剂的活性.     

富氢气氛下CeO_2-NiO纳米棒催化剂的CO选择性氧化性能研究

采用水热法制备了一系列不同Ce/Ni物质的量比的纳米棒CeO_2(x)-NiO催化剂。运用低温N_2吸附-脱附、XRD、TEM、拉曼光谱、H_2-TPR及XPS等技术对催化剂的形貌、结构进行了表征。考察了Ce/Ni物质的量比对CeO_2(x)-NiO催化剂形貌及富氢气氛下CO选择性氧化(CO PROX)反应性能的影响。TEM测试结果表明,调变Ce/Ni物质的量比可制得不同粒径的CeO_2(x)-NiO纳米棒催化剂。H_2-TPR测试结果表明,将NiO掺入CeO_2可提升Ce O_2(x)-NiO催化剂的氧化还原能力。拉曼光谱及XPS测试结果表明,镍含量较低时,CeO_2(x)-NiO催化剂表面活性氧物种及氧空位含量均较多,利于提升其催化性能。CO PROX催化性能测试结果显示,镍含量较低的CeO_2(0.89)-NiO纳米棒催化剂的活性和选择性最好,在170-220℃的反应条件下,CO转化率为100%,CO_2选择性为52%。