Pu-H2体系从头算分子动力学的研究

本文应用Gaussian09程序,通过密度泛函理论的相关方法,对钚-氢气体系进行了计算和分析。计算得到了钚与氢气的沿势能剖面的各个特殊点的几何结构。通过约化密度梯度分析方法分析了反应路径中的所有特殊结构的化学键的性质。通过从头算分子动力学的计算,由直接经典轨迹的计算结果得到了反应体系的几何结构、能量随时间的变化,并分析得到体系的大部分能量转化为反应产物的振动能。     

二氧化钚分子的多体展式势能函数

从导出基态PuO2分子的电子状态X5Σ g正确地判断其离解极限出发,采用MP2方法,应用相对论有效原子实模型(RECP)优化出PuO2(X5Σ g)分子稳定构型为线性OPuO(D∞h),其平衡核间距Re=0.18004nm.同时也计算出振动频率,并优化出存在亚稳态的Pu-O-O(C∞v)构型.使用多体项展式理论方法,导出了基态PuO2分子的分析势能函数.该势能表面准确地再现了O-Pu-O(D∞h)平衡结构和亚稳态的Pu-O-O(C∞v)构型.然后根据势能函数等值图讨论了O(3Pg) PuO反应的势能面静态特征.     

Elastic,vibrational, and thermodynamic properties of Sr_(10)(PO_4)_6F_2 and Ca_(10)(PO_4)_6F_2 from first principles

The electronic, elastic, vibrational, and thermodynamic properties of Sr_(10)(PO_4)_6F_2(Sr-FAP) and Ca_(10)(PO_4)_6F_2(CaFAP) are systematically investigated by the first-principles calculations. The calculated electronic band structure indicates that the Sr-FAP and Ca-FAP are insulator materials with the indirect band gap of 5.273 eV and 5.592 eV, respectively. The elastic constants are obtained by the "stress–strain" method, and elastic modulus are further evaluated and discussed. The vibrational properties, including the phonon dispersion curves, the phonon density of states, the Born effective charge, and associated longitudinal optical and transverse optical(LO–TO) splitting of optical modes, as well as the phonon frequencies at zone-center are obtained within the linear-response approach. Substitution of Ca by Sr causes phonon frequencies to shift to lower values as expected due to the mass effect. Additionally, some phonon-related thermodynamic properties, such as Helmholtz free energy F, internal energy E, entropy S, and specific heat C_V of Sr-FAP and Ca-FAP are predicted with the harmonic approximation. The present calculated results of two apatites are consistent with the reported experimental and theoretical results.     

NaAlH4 表面Ti催化空间构型和X射线吸收光谱: Car-Parrinello分子动力学和密度泛函理论研究

通过采用Car-Parrinello分子动力学方法对掺杂Ti前后的NaAlH₄(001)2×2×1超晶胞表面晶体在333 K(60 ℃)温度条件催化脱氢的空间构型做了理论研究,发现掺杂Ti的合金中AlH₄团的其中两个Al—H键长分别从约1.64 (1 =0.1 nm)增大至1.74和1.93 ,而未掺杂合金表面中AlH₄团的4个Al—H键长基本不变,这意味着掺杂Ti相对未掺杂的合金更易于放氢.但在模拟温度条件下并未发现Ti-Al成键趋     

强激光辐照对3C-SiC晶体结构稳定性的影响

使用基于密度泛函微扰理论的线性响应方法, 模拟研究了强激光辐照对闪锌矿结构的碳化硅晶体结构稳定性的影响. 通过计算在不同电子温度下3C-SiC晶体的声子色散曲线, 发现3C-SiC的横声学声子频率随电子温度的升高会出现虚频, 其临界电子温度是3.395 eV. 结果表明, 在强激光辐照下3C-SiC 晶体变得不稳定, 这与以前对金刚石结构的碳、硅和闪锌矿结构的砷化镓、锑化铟的研究结果非常类似. 电子温度在0–4.50 eV 范围内时, 3C-SiC晶体在Γ 点的LO-TO分裂度随电子温度的升高而增大, 超过4.50 eV后随电子温度的升高而减小. 这表明只有在足够强的激光辐照下, 电子激发才会削弱晶体的离子性强度.     

Al(2~P_u) H_2(X1~∑_g~ )的分子反应动力学

基于多体展式方法所导出的ＡＩＨ_２（Ｘ ~２Ａ_１）分析势能函数,用准经典的Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ轨迹法对ＡＩ（~２Ｐ_ｕ）＋Ｈ_２（Ｘ~１∑_ｇ~＋,ｖ＝ｊ＝０）的分子反应动力学过程进行了计算．结果表明,此反应的主产物为交换反应ＡＩ（~２Ｐ_ｕ）＋Ｈ_２（Ｘ~１∑_ｇ~＋ ｖ＝ｊ＝０）→ＡＩＨ（Ｘ ~１∑~＋,ｖ~＇,ｊ~＇）＋Ｈ（~２Ｓ_ｇ）的ＡＩＨ（Ｘ ~１∑~＋,ｖ~’,ｊ~’）,没有发现 ＡｌＨ_２（ Ｘ~２ Ａ_１）络合物．而从反应的反应截面σ_ｒ与相对平动能Ｅ_ｔ的关系发现,该反应为有阈能反应,阈能值为 ３１４ ＫＪ·ｍｏｌ~(－１)．同时,由于 ＡＩ的质量比氢的大,发生的是直接碰撞,产物散射角分布是向前散射的．     

PuOn+的势能函数的稳定性

用密度泛函B3LYP方法对PuOn+（n=1,2,3）分子离子进行了理论研究,结果表明,PuO+\PuO2+分子离子能稳定存在,电子状态是Χ6Σ-(PuO+)、Χ5Σ-(PuO2+)、9Σ-(PuO2+)、7Σ-(PuO2+).导出了相应的几何性质、力学性质和光谱数据,PuO3+分子离子不能稳定存在。     

LaH分子的X1∑+态的势能函数

应用原子分子反应静力学原理导出LaH分子的电子状态和可能的离解极限,考虑相对论紧致有效势RCEP(RelativisticCompactEffectivePotential)近似下,用QCISD方法计算了LaH分子基态X1∑+的平衡几何Re和离解能De为2.125A和2.623eV,并在计算出来的一系列单点势能基础上,用正规方程组拟合Murrell-Sorbie(M-S)势能函数,得到相应态的解析势能函数,由此计算对应的光谱参数,其Be、ae、ωe和ωexe的理论值,分别为:3.7333、0.0723、1461.73和21.383cm-1.     

Structural, Spectroscopic and Vibrational Properties for Low-Lying Electronic States of LiCl

A multireference configuration interaction(MRCI) study has been carried out on the LiCl molecule. The potential energy has been calculated over a wide range of internuclear separation for the 21 low-lying electronic states of the LiCl molecule dissociating into Li(2S,2P,3S)+Cl(2P). The(4)1Σ+,(3)1Π, 1-33Σ+, 1-33Π,1,3,1,3Σ,(5)1Σ+,(4)3Σ+,(4)1Π,(4)3Π excited states are studied for the first time in theory. Molecular spectroscopic constants(Re, De,ωe, ωeχe, Be and αe) have been derived for the 9 bound states(X1Σ+,(3)1Σ+,(2)3Σ+,1,3,1,3Σ,(4)1Π,(4)3Π) with a regular shape, and the spectroscopic constants of ground states X1Σ+are in good agreement with available experimental and theoretical values. The relative diferences between experimental values and our values for Re, De, ωe, ωeχe, Be andαe are 1.02%, 0.60%, 1.72%, 9.46%, 2.0%, and 0.75%, respectively. Moreover, vibrational levels of 9 bound states, which have not been investigated experimentally, are computed.     

氦对LaNi5晶体结构的影响及其扩散特性研究

从密度泛函理论为基础的第一性原理出发,运用全势能线性缀加平面波(FLAPW)方法,对氚衰变后氦在合金中的占位以及LaNi₅He晶体结构进行了理论计算,并系统给出了氦在间隙间的迁移曲线.结果表明,氦原子在十二面体(1b)格位最稳定,并且氦从6m格位向1b格位迁移不存在势垒,而从2d格位向1b格位迁移则需越过1.55eV高的势垒.另外,氦从12n格位穿过12o格位最后到达6m格位也无明显势垒存在,并且处于4h格位之间的氦原子可以自由迁移,而相应12n格位之间的直接迁移则需跨越13.6eV高的势垒.最后还计算给出了氚衰变后合金的态密度、电子密度以及势能分布图,并与相应的LaNi₅H结构作了详细比较. 关键词： 全势能线性缀加平面波(FLAPW) 5He')" href="#">LaNi₅He 态密度 扩散