Cu/Ce负载对赤泥脱除中低温烟气中NO的促进作用

本研究对酸洗赤泥催化剂进行Cu、Ce、Cu/Ce浸渍负载,并研究了金属改性赤泥对烟气中NO_x的催化转化性能。研究结果表明,Cu负载催化剂中的Cu⁺与Cu²⁺,有效促进了赤泥对低温烟气(200–300℃)中的NO转化率,Cu的负载量达到6%时,赤泥的最高NO转化率达到了90.7%;而Ce负载催化剂中的Ce³⁺与Ce⁴⁺,有效促进了赤泥对中温烟气(200–400℃)中的NO转化率,Ce的负载量达到8%时,赤泥的最高NO转化率达到了94.0%;Cu/Ce负载催化剂表现出比单金属负载催化剂更好的低温NO转化率,最佳的负载Cu:Ce比例为1∶1,双金属负载催化剂表现出比Cu负载催化剂更好的中温(300–400℃)中的NO转化率,最高达到了95.5%。其原因是,在Cu/Ce协同作用下,Cu⁺以及Cu²⁺的还原过程分别从229、302℃降至201以及247℃,同时使发生Fe₂O₃→FeO的还原过程的温度降...     

键解离焓的理论方法研究

The density functional theory (DFT) is the most popular method for evaluating bond dis-sociation enthalpies (BDEs) of most molecules. Thus, we are committed to looking for alternative methods that can balance the computational cost and higher precision to the best for large systems. The performance of DFT, double-hybrid DFT, and high-level com-posite methods are examined. The tested sets contain monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic molecules, branched hydrocarbons, small inorganic molecules, etc. The results show that the mPW2PLYP and G4MP2 methods achieve reasonable agreement with the benchmark values for most tested molecules, and the mean absolute deviations are 2.43 and 1.96 kcal/mol after excluding the BDEs of branched hydrocarbons. We recommend the G4MP2 is the most appropriate method for small systems (atoms number ≤20); the double-hybrid DFT methods are advised for large aromatic molecules in medium size (20 ≤atoms number ≤50), and the double-hybrid DFT methods with empirical dispersion correction are recommended for long-chain and branched hydrocarbons in the same size scope; the DFT methods are advised to apply for large systems (atoms number ≥50), and the M06-2X and B3P86 methods are also favorable. Moreover, the di erences of optimized geometry of different methods are discussed and the effects of basis sets for various methods are investigated.     

MnOx-TiO2吸附剂对燃煤烟气中汞的脱除

以锐钛矿型TiO_2为载体,采用浸渍法对其进行MnO_x改性制备脱汞吸附剂,探究了负载量、焙烧温度、反应温度及烟气组分等参数对吸附剂脱汞性能的影响。利用N_2吸附-脱附、TG/DTG、XRD、FT-IR、Hg-TPD、XPS等方法对吸附剂的理化性质进行了表征。结果表明,Mn的最佳负载量为12%,最佳焙烧温度和反应温度分别为450和300℃,在实验条件下MnO_x-TiO_2吸附剂可达到的最佳脱汞效率为98.46%。烟气中少量的O_2及微量的HCl对吸附剂的脱汞有较强的促进作用;SO_2对吸附剂的脱汞有较强的抑制作用,SO_2与Hg~0存在的竞争吸附作用以及脱汞反应中产生的硫酸盐覆盖活性位点表面,是导致脱汞效率下降的主要原因。烟气中的CO_2和NO也会对汞的脱除产生轻微的抑制作用。负载在吸附剂上的MnO_x存在Mn~(4+)、Mn~(3+)两种价态,其中,Mn~(4+)将Hg~0氧化为Hg~(2+),自身被还原为Mn~(3+)。结合实验和分析结果发现,Hg~0的吸附和氧化基本遵循Mars-Maessen和Langmuir-Hinshelwood机理。     

耦合TiO2直接苛化的黑液半焦与石油焦水蒸气共气化特性研究

以黑液半焦(BLC)-苛化剂(TiO₂)-石油焦(PC)三元混合物(BTP)为研究对象，借助热重分析仪和固定床反应器在850℃进行了恒温水蒸气气化实验，从反应速率、产气特性和残余固体特性等方面探究了耦合TiO₂直接苛化的BLC和PC共气化过程。结果表明，源于m Na₂O·n TiO₂对有机碳气化反应的促进作用，与单独的TiO₂直接苛化BLC气化和PC气化加权平均(BTPtheo)相比，耦合共气化过程表现出显著的协同效应。BTP最大反应速率达到7.0%/min，为BTPtheo的2.9倍；BTP产气中有效气组分(H₂+CO)的含量及其产率分别为81.1%和2059 mL/g，气体热值为9343 kJ/m³，相对于BTPtheo分别提高6.8%、137.3%和5.5%;BTP的碳转化率和能源输出比分别为95.0%和1.13，相比BTP_theo，分别提高61.6%和135.4%。此外，BTP在气化过程中的无机盐损失得到...