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By analyzing the basic properties of unitary transformations used in a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol, we show the main idea why a covert channel can be established within any QSDC channel which employs unitary transformations to encode information. On the basis of the fact that the unitary transformations used in a QSDC protocol are secret and independent, a novel quantum covert channel protocol is proposed to transfer secret messages with unconditional security. The performance, including the imperceptibility, capacity and security of the proposed protocol are analyzed in detail. 相似文献
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Bichen Che 《中国物理 B》2022,31(6):60302-060302
Unextendible product bases (UPBs) are interesting members of a family of orthogonal product bases. Here, we investigate the construction of 3-qudit UPBs with strong nonlocality. First, a UPB set in ${{C}^{3}}\otimes {{C}^{3}}\otimes {{C}^{3}}$ of size 19 is presented based on the shift UPBs. By mapping the system to a Rubik's cube, we provide a general method of constructing UPBs in ${{C}^{d}}\otimes {{C}^{d}}\otimes {{C}^{d}}$ of size ${{\left(d-1 \right)}^{3}}+2d+5$, whose corresponding Rubik's cube is composed of four parts. Second, for the more general case where the dimensions of parties are different, we extend the classical tile structure to the 3-qudit system and propose the tri-tile structure. By means of this structure, a ${{C}^{4}}\otimes {{C}^{4}}\otimes {{C}^{5}}$ system of size 38 is obtained based on a ${{C}^{3}}\otimes {{C}^{3}}\otimes {{C}^{4}}$ system of size 19. Then, we generalize this approach to the ${{C}^{{{d}_{1}}}}\otimes {{C}^{{{d}_{2}}}}\otimes {{C}^{{{d}_{3}}}}$ system which also consists of four parts. Our research provides a positive answer to the open question raised in by Halder et al. [$Phys. Rev. Lett$. 122 040403 (2019)], indicating that there do exist UPBs that can exhibit strong quantum nonlocality without entanglement. 相似文献
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Joint remote preparation of an arbitrary five-qubit Brown state via non-maximally entangled channels 下载免费PDF全文
We firstly present a novel scheme for deterministic joint remote state preparation of an arbitrary five-qubit Brown state using four Greenberg–Horme–Zeilinger(GHZ)entangled states as the quantum channel.The success probability of this scheme is up to 1,which is superior to the existing ones.Moreover,the scheme is extended to the generalized case where three-qubit and four-qubit non-maximally entangled states are taken as the quantum channel.We simultaneously employ two common methods to reconstruct the desired state.By comparing these two methods,we draw a conclusion that the first is superior to the second-optimal positive operator-valued measure only taking into account the number of auxiliary particles and the success probability. 相似文献
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IntroductionTheAMSAAreliabilitygrowthmodelproposedbyLarryH .Crow[1,2 ]in 1 972wasfirstemployedbytheU .S .ArmyMaterielSystemsAnalysisActivity (AMSAA) .ItisalsoreferredtointheliteratureastheCrowModel.AMSAAmodelisawidelyusedreliabilitygrowthmodel.ItwasacceptedbyMIL… 相似文献
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