电离辐射引起的线粒体DNA损伤及突变研究进展

指出了线粒体DNA损伤及突变研究与核DNA相关研究的区别,并总结了国内外关于电离辐射引起线粒体DNA损伤突变的研究进展。 针对放射生物学中线粒体学方面研究还有待进一步加强的现状, 中国科学院近代物理研究所的研究人员在方法学上建立起了real-time PCR和long PCR等手段对线粒体DNA损伤及突变进行定量检测, 并以此为基础, 对电离辐射引起的线粒体功能变化进行了较为深入的研究。总结了线粒体DNA损伤及突变研究对阐明电离辐射引起的生物学效应所具有的贡献, 提出未来在放射生物学中以远后效应, 能量代谢为主的线粒体学研究方向。 Current advance in ionizing radiation induced mitochondrial DNA damage and mutations is reviewed, in addition with the essential differences between mtDNA and nDNA damage and mutations. To extent the knowledge about radiation induced mitochondrial alterations, the researchers in Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences developed some technics such as real time PCR, long PCR for accurate quantification of radiation induced damage and mutations, and in depth investigation about the functional changes of mitochondria based on mtDNA damage and mutations were also carried out. In conclusion, the important role of mitochondrial study in radiation biology is underlined, and further study on mitochondrial study associated with late effect and metabolism changes in radiation biology is pointed out.     

p73变异体研究现状及其在肿瘤放疗中的应用前景

p73基因是p53抑癌基因家族的新成员。 p73有两组蛋白异构体: TAp73和DNp73。 TAp73具有诱导细胞周期停滞和细胞凋亡的能力, 而DNp73却有与之相反的能力, 具有肿瘤促进作用。 对p73基因两面性的特点及研究进展作一综述。 最后结合重离子治疗肿瘤, 探讨了p73联合重离子治疗的新思路。 p73 was the first identified homologue of the tumor suppressor gene, p53. p73 has two groups of protein isoforms: TAp73 and DNp73. TAp73 can induce cell cycle arrest, resulting in the ability of apoptosis, however DNp73 has antagonistic property of a tumor promoting effect. In this paper, the dual roles of p73 gene and its research progress was reviewed. Finally, combined with heavy ion treatment of tumor, we explored some new ideas of p73 heavy ion joint therapy.     

A time-dependent density functional theory investigation of plasmon resonances of linear Au atomic chains

We report theoretical studies on the plasmon resonances in linear Au atomic chains by using ab initio time-dependent density functional theory. The dipole responses are investigated each as a function of chain length. They converge into a single resonance in the longitudinal mode but split into two transverse modes. As the chain length increases, the longitudinal plasmon mode is redshifted in energy while the transverse modes shift in the opposite direction (blueshifts). In addition, the energy gap between the two transverse modes reduces with chain length increasing. We find that there are unique characteristics, different from those of other metallic chains. These characteristics are crucial to atomic-scale engineering of single-molecule sensing, optical spectroscopy, and so on.     

X射线辐照引起的线粒体D310片段突变的快速检测

采用4 Gy X射线辐照人乳腺癌细胞MCF 7, 分别在照射后0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72和144 h时间点收集细胞, 提取DNA并以聚合酶链式反应进行扩增, 再以BsaXI限制性内切酶对扩增产物进行消化, 消化产物以琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行分离。 结果表明, 4 Gy X射线辐照可引起D310片段突变, 且该突变在经辐照之后144 h检测水平明显超过野生型。 Human breast cancer cell line MCF 7 was irradiated with 4 Gy X ray, collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72, 144 h after irradiation, respectively. Whole genome DNA including mtDNA were extracted at each time point, and amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Then the PCR product was subjected to BSAXI digestion, all of digestion product then underwent a brief electrophoresis. Results showed D310 mutation can be induced by 4 Gy X ray irradiation and D310 mutation can overwhelm the normal phenotype 144 h after irradiation.     

Reaction Subdiffusion with Random Waiting Time Depending on the Preceding Jump Length

To describe the energy-dependent characteristics of the reaction-subdiffusion process, we analyze the simple reaction A→B under subdiffsion with waiting time depending on the preceding jump length, and derive the corresponding master equations in the Fourier–Laplace space for the distribution of A and B particles in a continuous time random walk scheme. Moreover, the generalizations of the reaction-diffusion equation for the Gaussian jump length with the probability density function of waiting time being quadratically dependent on the preceding jump length are obtained by applying the derived master equations.     

Anomalous transport in fluid field with random waiting time depending on the preceding jump length

Anomalous (or non-Fickian) transport behaviors of particles have been widely observed in complex porous media. To capture the energy-dependent characteristics of non-Fickian transport of a particle in flow fields, in the present paper a generalized continuous time random walk model whose waiting time probability distribution depends on the preceding jump length is introduced, and the corresponding master equation in Fourier-Laplace space for the distribution of particles is derived. As examples, two generalized advection-dispersion equations for Gaussian distribution and lévy flight with the probability density function of waiting time being quadratic dependent on the preceding jump length are obtained by applying the derived master equation.     

Progresses of heavy-ion cancer therapy

The status of heavy-ion cancer therapy has been reviewed. The existing and constructing heavy-ion beam facilities for cancer therapy in the world are introduced. The first clinical trials of superficially placed tumor therapy at heavy ion research facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) are presented.     

First principles study of ceramic materials (IVB group carbides) under ultrafast laser irradiation

Group IVB carbides have been applied in extreme aerospace environments as hard ceramic coatings; ZrC is being considered as a replacement for SiC in nuclear reactors. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the laser irradiation response of group IVB carbides is of clear significance. However, the existing knowledge on the fundamental properties of IVB group carbides is limited and insufficient with regard to both irradiated and non-irradiated characteristics. We investigate the effect of ultrafast laser irradiation on the lattice stability of ceramic materials(IVB group carbides) using the density functional perturbation theory(DFPT). The calculated phonon frequencies of TiC and ZrC at the ground state are in good agreement with previous calculations and experimental values. The phonon frequencies of IVB group carbides are positive, even though the electronic temperature reached 5 eV. Thus, IVB group carbides are more stable under ultrafast laser irradiation, which has greater benefits in nuclear and aeronautical applications compared to metals(W,Na), semimetals(Bi),and semiconductors(Si,SiC). The thermodynamic properties of ZrC are calculated as functions of their lattice temperature at different electronic temperatures. The elastic shear constants of IVB group carbides satisfy the Born stability criteria at Te = 5 eV. In addition, a comparison of the predicted melting temperatures of IVB group carbides, reveal that HfC is better suited for extreme high-temperature environments.     

Fractional backward Kolmogorov equations

This paper derives the fractional backward Kolmogorov equations in fractal space-time based on the construction of a model for dynamic trajectories. It shows that for the type of fractional backward Kolmogorov equation in the fractal time whose coefficient functions are independent of time, its solution is equal to the transfer probability density function of the subordinated process X(Sα(t)), the subordinator Sα(t) is termed as the inverse-time α-stable subordinator and the process X(τ) satisfies the corresponding time homogeneous Ito stochastic differential equation.     

ACRT-Bridgman法制备组份均匀的碲锌镉单晶体

采用加速坩埚旋转技术-Bridgman(ACRT-B)法制备了φ40 mm的结构较为完整的Cd0.96Zn0.04Te晶锭.利用红外分光光度计测定晶片的近红外透射曲线,最大斜率切线法测定截止波长(cut-off wavelength,threshold wavelength),进而计算截止能量和该点的Zn组份.绘制了晶片表面的组织图,以及晶锭轴向剖面的Zn组份等高线图.实验结果表明:ACRT方法显著改善晶体组份的轴向偏析和径向偏析,晶锭中部存在两个Zn组份轴向和径向皆均匀的区域,分别约占晶锭体积的37;和16;,对应于两个大的单晶晶粒,大部分区域Zn组分径向偏析几乎完全消失.