Selective formation of ultrathin PbSe on Ag(111)

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as lead selenide (PbSe), locate at the key position of next-generation devices. However, the ultrathin PbSe is still rarely reported experimentally, particularly on metal substrates. Here, we report the ultrathin PbSe synthesized via sequential molecular beam epitaxy on Ag(111). The scanning tunneling microscopy is used to resolve the atomic structure and confirms the selective formation of ultrathin PbSe through the reaction between Ag₅Se₂ and Pb, as further evidenced by the theoretical calculation. It is also found that the increased accumulation of Pb leads to the improved quality of PbSe with larger and more uniform films. The detailed analysis demonstrates the bilayer structure of synthesized PbSe, which could be deemed to achieve the 2D limit. The differential conductance spectrum reveals a metallic feature of the PbSe film, indicating a certain interaction between PbSe and Ag(111). Moreover, the moiré pattern originated from the lattice mismatch between PbSe and Ag(111) is observed, and this moiré system provides the opportunity for studying physics under periodical modulation and for device applications. Our work illustrates a pathway to selectively synthesize ultrathin PbSe on metal surfaces and suggests a 2D experimental platform to explore PbSe-based opto-electronic and thermoelectric phenomena.     

蝌蚪型POSS接枝含氟丙烯酸酯类杂化聚合物多孔膜的制备研究

以本实验室合成的3种结构的蝌蚪型POSS杂化聚甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯(POSS-PTFEMA)、POSS杂化聚甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯嵌段共聚聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(POSS-PMMA-PTFEMA)及POSS杂化聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚聚甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯为成膜材质,利用呼吸图案法制备规整结构的蜂窝状聚合物多孔薄膜.利用扫描电镜(SEM)对薄膜表观形貌进行观察,分析了孔形貌的影响因素,并研究了多孔膜的疏水疏油性和耐温性.研究表明,以氯仿为成膜溶剂,3种不同结构的杂化聚合物均可以在较大的浓度范围下(5~30 mg/mL)制备规整的杂化聚合物多孔膜,膜的孔径随聚合物浓度的增大而增大;聚合物POSS-PTFEMA由于化学结构中含有最多的TFEMA结构单元,其规整性最好;相对疏水的硅片也有利于这类疏水的聚合物多孔膜的制备.所形成的多孔膜具有良好的耐温性能和疏水拒油性,其对水接触角介于98°~116°之间,对正十二烷的接触角则介于43°~66°之间.     

原子转移自由基聚合在制备水溶性聚合物中的应用

水溶性聚合物在工业、农业、医药等领域都有着广泛用途,但随着对水溶性聚合物精细化的要求,寻找新的结构可控的合成方法已成为迫切需求.而利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)则可能得到分子量可控、分子量分布窄的水溶性聚合物.本文主要讨论了利用ATRP合成水溶性聚合物过程中单体、引发剂、催化剂、溶剂、反应温度和时间的影响,并结合聚丙烯酸类、聚丙烯酰胺类以及聚苯乙烯和聚丙烯酸酯的衍生物等具体实例加以了分析.     

基于可能失效模式的拱坝安全度评价

复杂结构的安全度取决于主要失效模式,但现有的拱坝安全度评价方法较少考虑失效模式。本文基于非概率理论的结构体系安全度评价方法,考虑坝体初始开裂位置的随机性,由非概率可靠度指标最小来搜索拱坝所有可能的失效模式。分别对各种失效模式利用给出的结构体系安全度评价方法进行计算,最小值即为拱坝的非概率可靠度。算例综合考虑拱坝的各种可能失效模式,得到整个拱坝的非概率可靠指标为1.84,更全面合理地给出拱坝的安全度。     

Signatures of strong interlayer coupling in γ-InSe revealed by local differential conductivity

Interlayer coupling in layered semiconductors can significantly affect their optoelectronic properties. However, understanding the mechanisms behind the interlayer coupling at the atomic level is not straightforward. Here, we study modulations of the electronic structure induced by the interlayer coupling in the γ-phase of indium selenide (γ-InSe) using scanning probe techniques. We observe a strong dependence of the energy gap on the sample thickness and a small effective mass along the stacking direction, which are attributed to strong interlayer coupling. In addition, the moiré patterns observed in γ-InSe display a small band-gap variation and nearly constant local differential conductivity along the patterns. This suggests that modulation of the electronic structure induced by the moiré potential is smeared out, indicating the presence of a significant interlayer coupling. Our theoretical calculations confirm that the interlayer coupling in γ-InSe is not only of the van der Waals origin, but also exhibits some degree of hybridization between the layers. Strong interlayer coupling might play an important role in the performance of γ-InSe-based devices.     

基于扩展有限元法的钢筋混凝土梁裂纹扩展的数值模拟

基于最大主应力准则,利用扩展有限元法对钢筋混凝土三点弯曲梁的裂纹扩展进行数值模拟。通过与已有模型试验结果的比对,验证了该方法的准确性与有效性。研究发现,带裂纹钢筋混凝土构件的裂纹扩展与力学性能不但受到单裂纹的尺寸、位置、倾角的影响,而且还受多裂纹间位置关系的影响;其中,裂纹横向分布位置和裂纹纵向分布位置是影响带裂纹钢筋混凝土梁裂缝扩展的主要因素。     

结构设计竞赛中纸质杆件相关参数确定及极限承载力研究1）

为确定纸质杆件的材料参数,并研究白卡纸杆件极限承载力的影响因素及杆件极限承载力计算方法,制作多组白卡纸杆试件并进行加载试验.测得白卡纸的泊松比为0.137 3,弹性模量为5.5GPa.杆件的抗压极限承载力受杆件的厚度、内径、长度、截面形状、白卡纸纹理方向以及涂胶宽度的影响;结合压杆稳定相关理论,由数据拟合得到白卡纸杆件极限承载力的近似计算方法;通过公式计算结果与试验结果比较,证明其准确有效.     

基于交叉降阶取样的改进响应面方法

针对经典响应面法和加权响应面法存在的计算精度不高和稳定性不强的问题,提出一种新的样本点选择策略,即交叉降阶思想,并基于此发展出一种新的改进响应面方法。该方法以均值点加上0.5倍的标准差作为初始迭代点。在Bucher试验设计的基础之上,将n维坐标系降阶为n个一维坐标系。然后,依据样本点的重要性,筛选出n+1个靠近真实失效面的优秀样本点,并用这些样本点去拟合线性响应面函数。最后依据样本中心间的距离与上一次迭代得到的设计点的范数之商作为其收敛准则。通过5个数值算例与工程算例,验证了交叉降阶响应面法具有较高的精度、效率、稳定性和一定的工程适用性。     

光子学逆向设计研究进展（特邀）

人工设计的光子学器件在现代光学的各个领域都有广阔的应用前景。传统光子学器件的设计通常是基于已知的物理模型，然后通过数值模拟方法对结构进行优化设计。由于器件结构很大程度上依赖于先验模型，所以传统优化设计的自由度是有限的。随着近年来对高性能光子学器件需求的日益增长，具有更高设计自由度的逆向设计方法得到了快速发展。逆向设计方法打破了传统方法的设计局限性，可以在全参数空间中实现高效的参数优化，因此更可能得到具有极限性能的器件结构。本文总结了光子学器件逆向设计的常用方法，并给出了逆向设计在各个光子学领域中的具体应用。随着计算机科学的不断发展，逆向设计方法展现出无与伦比的潜力，有望在各个光学领域中实现更高自由度的光场调控。