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21.
采用准静态扫集胶束电动毛细管色谱(MEKC)法测定了扇贝样品中的2种贝类毒素。毛细管内首先充满含十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的缓冲溶液,调节缓冲溶液的pH值,使电渗流等于SDS胶束的电泳流速,电动进样时,带正电荷的贝类毒素离子被SDS扫集吸附,由于SDS在毛细管内处于准静止状态,可使进样时间延长至320 s。与常规电动进样MEKC相比,石房蛤毒素和软骨藻酸的检测灵敏度分别提高950和810倍。该方法对石房蛤毒素和软骨藻酸的检出限分别为0.05,0.12 ng/m L。方法可实现对扇贝样品中2种贝类毒素的快速、灵敏检测。 相似文献
22.
贝类体内麻痹性贝类毒素的提取方法研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
采用浓度系列为0.04、0.07、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25、0.30、0.40、0.50、0.70、1.0 mol/L的HCl和HAc溶液作为提取液,分别取10 mL提取液与10 g栉孔扇贝性腺混合,在沸水浴中加热5 min提取麻痹性贝类毒素(PSP);同时采用0.3 mol/L HAc和0.2 mol/L HCl,于冰水浴中进行超声波提取麻痹性贝类毒素5~30 min。提取完成后将混合物于4℃冷冻离心机内离心5 min(3500 r/min),取上清液并以0.1 mol/L NaOH或5 mol/L HCl调整至pH为2.0~4.0。经超滤膜过滤后的提取液以高效液相色谱柱后衍生荧光检测法进行毒素分析,研究毒素组分间的转化关系和提取效率,并与超声波提取法进行了比较。结果表明,采用0.04~0.25 mol/L HCl和0.04~1.0 mol/L HAc从贝肉中提取PSP毒素,各毒素组分浓度差异不大,当HCl浓度大于0.25 mol/L时,N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素C1浓度急剧降低,HCl浓度大于0.5 mol/L时,N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素C2和GTX5浓度急剧降低,三者在酸度过大的情况下分解或转化为膝沟藻毒素-2(GTX2),膝沟藻毒素-3(GTX3)和石房蛤毒素(STX)。在相同浓度酸的情况下,超声波提取液中C1毒素的浓度显著低于沸水浴提取法,但C2的浓度略高于沸水浴提取液。 相似文献
23.
24.
一种检测麻痹性贝毒的高效液相色谱法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
提出了一种利用高效液相色谱法同时分析麻痹性贝毒GTX组分和NEO/dcSTX/STX组分的方法。本法仅使用了一种缓冲溶液作为流动相,在InertsilC8-3色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)上,采用梯度改变乙腈在流动相中的比例和流速,一次进样可同时定性及定量待测试样中的上述全部毒素组分。该缓冲溶液为9.0mmol/L磷酸铵缓冲溶液(pH=7.2),含有2.8mmol/L的庚烷磺酸钠。色谱分离过程首先以纯水相缓冲溶液进行等度洗脱,在16.5~19min向流动相中梯度加入1.5%的乙腈,加速GTX3和GCX2的洗脱,以避免GTX2的色谱峰与乙腈的溶剂峰重叠,随后从19min开始加大流动相中乙腈的比例为8.5%,以缩短边缘组分的保留时间。荧光检测器的激发波长和发射波长分别设为330nm和390nm。用本方法分析染毒的华贵栉孔扇贝和近江牡蛎,证实了本方法对PSP毒素具有良好的分析测定效果。 相似文献
25.
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry for the analysis of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was examined for the separation of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins using the stationary phase TSK-gel Amide-80. The parameters tested included type of organic modifier and percentage in the mobile phase, buffer concentration, pH, flow rate and column temperature. Using mass spectrometric (MS) detection, the HILIC column allowed the determination of all the major PSP toxins in one 30 min analysis with a high degree of selectivity and sensitivity. The high percentage of organic modifier in the mobile phase and the omission of ion pairing reagents, both favored in HILIC, provided limits of detection (LOD) in the range 50-100 nM in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode on a single quadrupole LC-MS system. LOD in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode on a sensitive triple quadrupole system were as low as 5-30 nM. Excellent linearity of response was observed. 相似文献
26.
Díaz Sierra M Furey A Hamilton B Lehane M James KJ 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2003,38(11):1178-1186
Collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra were generated for azaspiracids using electrospray ionisation (ESI), and hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange was used to ascertain the number and type of replaceable hydrogens in the three predominant azaspiracid toxins. H/D exchange was conveniently achieved using deuterated solvents for liquid chromatography (LC). Using ion-trap mass spectrometry, multiple-stage CID experiments (MS(n)) on the protonated and fully exchanged ions were performed to decipher characteristic fragmentation pathways. The precursor and product ions from azaspiracids lost up to five water molecules from different regions during MS(n) experiments and it was possible to distinguish between the water losses from different molecular regions. These studies confirmed that the first water-loss ion in the spectra of azaspiracids resulted from dehydration at the vicinal diol at C20-C21. Five MS dissociation pathways were identified that resulted from fragmentation of the carbon skeleton of azaspiracids producing nitrogen-containing ions. Two pathways, involving cleavage of the E-ring and C27-C28, gave ions that were found in all azaspiracids. Three pathways, A-ring, C-ring and C19-C20 cleavages, were useful for distinguishing between azaspiracid analogues. The same product ions from backbone fragmentation were also observed using hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QqTOFMS). The fragmentation of the A-ring was the most facile and was exploited in the development of LC/MS(n) methods for the analysis of azaspiracids. 相似文献
27.
Okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxins-1 and -2 (DTX1, DTX2), the toxins responsible for incidents of diarrhetic shellfish
poisoning (DSP), can occur as complex mixtures of ester derivatives in both plankton and shellfish. Alkaline hydrolysis is
usually employed to release parent OA/DTX toxins, and analyses are conducted before and after hydrolysis to determine the
concentrations of nonesterified and esterified toxins. Recent research has shown that other toxins, including pectenotoxins
and spirolides, can also exist as esters in shellfish, but these toxins cannot survive alkaline hydrolysis. A promising alternative
approach is enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, two enzymatic methods were developed for the hydrolysis of 7-O-acyl esters, “DTX3,” and the carboxylate esters of OA, “diol-esters.” Porcine pancreatic lipase induced complete conversion
of DTX3 to OA and DTXs within one hour for reference solutions. The presence of mussel tissue matrix reduced the rate of hydrolysis,
but an optimized lipase concentration resulted in greater than 95% conversion within four hours. OA-diol-ester was hydrolyzed
by porcine liver esterase and was completely converted to OA in less than 30 min, even in the presence of mussel tissue matrix.
Esters and OA/DTX toxins were all monitored by LC–MS. Further experiments with pectenotoxin esters indicated that enzymatic
hydrolysis could also be applied to esters of other toxins. Enzymatic hydrolysis has excellent potential as an alternative
to the conventional alkaline hydrolysis procedure used in the preparation of shellfish samples for the analysis of toxins. 相似文献
28.
Chan IO Tsang VW Chu KK Leung SK Lam MH Lau TC Lam PK Wu RS 《Analytica chimica acta》2007,583(1):111-117
The feasibility of using sol-gel amorphous titania (TiO2) as a solid-phase sorbent for the pre-concentration of domoic acid (DA), a potent amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxin, directly from seawater was explored. The sol-gel titania material is able to adsorb DA from seawater, via the formation of ester-linkage between the carboxylic moieties of DA and the Ti-OH groups on the sorbent surface, at low pH and desorb it at high pH. The chemisorption process is not significantly interfered by the seawater matrix. The optimum pH values for the adsorption and desorption of DA were found to be pH 4 and 11, respectively. The optimal sorbent loading for the batch-type solid-phase extraction of DA was 0.67 mg-TiO2 ng-DA−1 and adsorption equilibrium was achieved in 2 h at room temperature. The desorbed DA in 500 μL of 0.1 M alkaline borate buffer can be directly derviatized by 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) in aqueous media for fluorimetric HPLC quantification. Analyte recovery, repeatability and detection limit of this titania SPE-fluorimetric HPLC determination are 89%, 6.2% and 120 pg-DA mL−1 (n = 7, P < 0.05), respectively, for a sample volume of 30 mL. This titania SPE technique should also be applicable to the pre-concentration of other polar carboxylate- and phosphonate-containing biomolecules and pharmaceuticals in complex and interfering environmental sample matrices. 相似文献
29.
Summary A rapid and sensitive automatic method is presented for the determination of domoic acid (DA) using HPLC with a column-switching
system and UV-detection. Interfering peaks resulting from matrix protein components are excluded by use of an especially designed
reversed-phase HPLC column for pre-separation. The method is suitable for extracts both from mussels and from algae. Sample
material is extracted with pure water and the crude extract is injected directly. Application of a column-switching system
eliminates the need for any further sample clean-up after extraction.
Presented at the 21st ISC held in Stuttgart, Germany, 15th–20th September, 1996 相似文献
30.
Nogueiras MJ Gago-Martínez A Paniello AI Twohig M James KJ Lawrence JF 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2003,377(7-8):1202-1206
The human toxic syndrome, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), is caused by polyether toxins that are present in bivalve molluscs but originate from some species of marine phytoplankton. During the last few years different HPLC methods with fluorescence detection (FLD) have been proposed for analysis of marine toxins, including polyether toxins, in shellfish and phytoplankton. Several derivatization reagents have been proposed in the literature, with the aim of converting the acidic DSP toxins into their corresponding fluorescent derivatives. In this work we report results obtained from HPLC–FLD analysis of extracts from phytoplankton, including Dinophysis spp., harvested off the south-west coast of Ireland. Three different reagents were used for fluorescent derivatization: 3-bromomethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone (BrDMEQ), 9-chloromethylanthracene (CA), and in situ 9-anthracenyldiazomethane (ADAM). Derivatization was performed under conditions previously optimised. The DSP derivatives were cleaned using different SPE procedures then analysed by HPLC–FLD. In this study, the use of BrDMEQ, CA, and in situ ADAM was compared in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. Evaluation of HPLC methods for analysis of DSP toxin derivatives was also conducted; the presence of okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX-2), and pectenotoxin-2 seco acids (PTX1SAs) was detected in the sample extracts studied. 相似文献