Compaction and Consolidation of Aramid and Composite Fibers. 2. Consolidation of Composite Fibers

The transverse compaction and consolidation of composite fibers obtained from blends of rigid-chain aromatic polyamides and a thermoplastic polycaproamide PA-6 are investigated with the aim to predict the fiber behavior during their compression and processing into plastics. Introduction of the aliphatic polyamide PA-6 into aramid fibers considerably increases their transverse compliance and promotes their sintering. A method for calculating the viscosity of the thermoplastic in the interfiber space from the ratio between the volumetric rate of compaction and the porosity of the material is proposed. It is found that the effective viscosity of the PA-6 melt, during its flow in the thin interfibrillar layers under compression, grows with decrease in its content in the composite fibers.     

基于数据集中处理的技术架构设计模型

针对目前国际化的竞争环境,数据集中处理可以提高跨区域经营企业的核心竞争力,通过实例介绍了数据集中处理的系统总体架构模型、主机应用系统模型、前置前端系统模型等部分,给出初步模型设计,为企业完成数据集中处理提供一种最佳设计方案.     

结构—饱和土壤相互作用的固结有限元分析

讨论了结构与饱和土壤相互作用的固结分析问题.对于结构利用多重子结构分析技术实现向饱和土交界面上的凝聚.从而建立了结构与饱和土壤相互作用的固结控制方程.文中给出了问题求解的一次性算法方案,采取压力主从关系的手段处理边界上的不排水条件.文末给出数值算例.本文工作为大型结构与土体相互作用固结分析研究工作的深入创造了条件.     

非晶态Fe40Ni38Mo4B18（2826MB）合金粉末的高压压结与磁性研究

 本文研究了非晶态软磁材料Fe₄₀Ni₃₈Mo₄B₁₈（2826MB）合金粉末在高压下加温压结成三维大尺寸产品的可行性，并通过压结样品的复数导磁率在弱交变磁场中的行为，探讨了压结条件对压结样品的软磁性能的影响。结果表明，在本实验所采用的压力范围内，压结温度对压结样品的性能的影响大于压结压力的影响。     

Finite element modelling of two-phase heat and fluid flow in deforming porous media

This paper details a finite element model which describes the flow of two-phase fluid and heat within a deforming porous medium. The coupled governing equations are derived in terms of displacements, pore pressures and temperatures, and details of the time-stepping algorithm and thermodynamic considerations are also presented. Two numerical examples are included for verification.     

Development of boundary element method to dynamic problems for porous media

Biot's consolidation theory is extended to a general class of viscoelastic bodies defined by Riemann-Stieltjes integral convolutions. From a new reciprocity theorem, proved for the governing equations including the inertia terms, the basic integral representations of the displacement fields and pore pressure are obtained. It is shown that, in the absence of internal inputs, a formulation of the dynamic problem in terms of the boundary unknown fields only is possible.     

A fully coupled 3-D mixed finite element model of Biot consolidation

The numerical solution to the Biot equations of 3-D consolidation is still a challenging task because of the ill-conditioning of the resulting algebraic system and the instabilities that may affect the pore pressure solution. Recently new approaches have been advanced based on mixed formulations. In the present paper a fully coupled 3-D mixed finite element model is developed with the aim at alleviating the pore pressure numerical oscillations at the interface between materials with different permeabilities. A solution algorithm is implemented that takes advantage of the block structure of the discretized problem. The proposed model is verified against well-known analytical solutions and successfully experimented with in realistic applications of soil consolidation.     

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in differentiation of postobstructive consolidation from central lung carcinoma

Purpose

To prospectively evaluate diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for differentiation of postobstructive consolidation from centrally located lung carcinomas by using apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs).

Materials and Methods

An institutional review board approved this study; informed consent was obtained from patients. Forty-nine consecutive patients (3 women, 46 men; mean age, 63.6 years; age range, 42–85 years) with lung carcinoma underwent DW MR imaging. Forty patients had central and nine patients had peripheral lung carcinomas. ADC of each lung carcinoma was calculated from DW MR images obtained with two different b values (0, 1000 s/mm²).In the final study group including 27 patients with central lung carcinoma accompanying distal lung consolidation (mean age, 67.2 years; 3 women, 24 men), ADCs of lung carcinomas were statistically compared among cytologic/histologic types and accompanying postobstructive consolidations. Unpaired t test was used for measurable variables with normal distribution, and Kruskal–Wallis variance analysis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for the measurable variables without normal distribution.

Results

There was no significant difference between mean ADC values of all types of carcinomas (P=.302) and also between mean ADC values of central (1.91 ± 0.7×10⁻³ mm²/s) and peripheral carcinomas (1.58 ± 0. 6×10⁻³ mm²/s) (P=.224). The mean ADC value for the masses of central lung carcinoma with postobstructive consolidations was 1.83 ± 0.75×10⁻³ mm²/s, and for consolidation was 2.50 ± 0.76×10⁻³ mm²/s. ADC of central carcinoma masses was significantly lower than that of postobstructive consolidations (P=.003).

Conclusions

ADC values of central lung carcinoma masses appear to be lower than accompanying postobstructive consolidations. ADC values could be considered useful as a differentiating parameter among central lung carcinomas and accompanying postobstructive consolidations.     

爆炸压实制取W-Cu纳米复合材料的实验研究

采用机械合金化法制备了W-Cu合金粉末。将制备出的W-Cu合金粉末置于爆炸压制成型的装置中进行爆炸压实,得到了最高致密度达98%的W-Cu合金。利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了W-Cu混合粉末的合金化过程,研究了W-Cu合金粉末的还原温度对压实坯致密度的影响。通过电子探针微量分析仪(EPMA)观察了样品内部的成分与元素分布,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品断口形貌进行了观察,并对样品的维氏硬度和电导率进行了测量。结果表明,W-Cu合金化粉末在爆炸冲击波作用下能够结合成高致密体,复合材料具有高硬度、组织均匀、晶粒细小的特点。     

Evolution of bank efficiency in Brazil: A DEA approach

This paper investigates cost, technical and allocative efficiencies for Brazilian banks in the recent period (2000–2007). We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to compute efficiency scores. Brazilian banks were found to have low levels of economic (cost) efficiency compared to banks in Europe and in the US. For the period with high macroeconomic volatility (2000–2002) the economic inefficiency in Brazilian banks can be attributed mainly to technical inefficiency rather than allocative inefficiency. State-owned banks are significantly more cost efficient than foreign, private domestic and private with foreign participation. There is no evidence of differences in economic efficiency due to type of activity and bank size. These results may provide some useful guidance for financial regulators and bank managers.