Photovisco-elasto-plastic analysis tested on polyester by the scattered-light method

A three-dimensional photovisco-elasto-plastic model considering the strain rate effect was investigated by the scattered-light method using polyester as a model material. To examine the mechanical and optical properties of the material, tension and torsion tests were carried out on cylindrical specimens under various strain rates at 30°C. The effects of strain rate on the stress-strain relation and scattered-light fringe appearance were evaluated. The equivalent shearing stress-strain relation can be approximated by the Ramberg-Osgood equation with rate-dependent modulus and yield stress. The fringe gradient, when normalized by a rate-dependent yield gradient, can be related to an equivalent strain in the same form regardless of the strain rate. The strain rate can be evaluated from the measurement of the rate of increase of the fringe gradient. Hence, the relation between the fringe gradient and its rate of increase was derived as a function of strain rate. Finally, a method is proposed for the estimation of the visco-elasto-plastic stress and strain in a three-dimensional specimen from the measurement of only the fringe gradient and its rate of increase. The method was successfully applied not only to uniaxial tension but also to pure torsion.     

Three-Dimensional Stress State of an Orthotropic Rectangular Prism under a Transverse Force Applied at its End

The exact three-dimensional elastic solution is found for an orthotropic composite rectangular prism (plate) bent by a transverse force applied to its end. The three-dimensional distribution of stresses and displacements is obtained. The distribution of tangential stresses in the prism and plate is analyzed numerically. New qualitative features of the distribution are established. The strength of the plate is estimated, and the transverse force and torque are determined. The Kirchhoff-Love relations of plate bending are partially justified__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 30–37, April 2005.     

中应变率下钢纤维混凝土受拉全过程实验研究

在简要评述有关中应变速率下钢纤维混凝土动态力学性能的实验研究现状后,详细介绍了在Instron1342材料实验机的基础上经自行改装设计的钢纤维混凝土动态测试系统,并对实验方案、试件制作与加载及量测过程进行了阐述。利用该系统,成功完成了应变率由1.38×10-4s-1～0.532×10-1s-1三个数量级范围内的钢纤维混凝土受拉全过程试验(四点弯拉),得到了中应变率下钢纤维混凝土的应力、应变全过程曲线。同时,对实验结果进行了综合分析,实验结果表明:中应变率下,应变率不同时钢纤维混凝土的应力应变全曲线具有很好的相似性,而峰值应力、峰值应变与弹性模量(割线模量)随应变率的增加均有不同程度的提高。当应变速率从1.38×10-4s-1增大到0.532×10-1s-1时,SFRC的抗拉强度提高30%左右,峰值应力对应的应变提高10%左右,动态拉伸弹性模量提高20%左右。中应变率(1.38×10-4s-1～0.532×10-1s-1)下,当钢纤维掺量从0%增加到4%时,钢纤维混凝土的抗拉强度提高1.3倍左右。     

The stress-strain fields at crack tip in axially cracked cylindrical shells and the calculation of stress intensity factors

A perturbation solution for stress-strain fields (including modes I, II, III) at crack tip in axially cracked cylindrical shells is given. The analysis, using 10th-order differential equations which take the transverse shear deformations into account, involves perturbation in a curvature parameter λ², (λ²=[12(1-v ²)]^1/2 a ²/Rh). Stress intensity factors for finite size cylindrical shells under bending and internal pressure loading are evaluated. A good accuracy can be obtained without using fine meshes in a region near the crack tip. Besides, the influence of the finite size and the shearing stiffness on bulging factors, which are commonly used in engineering, are analyzed.     

复杂加载下混凝土的弹塑性本构模型

混凝土材料在不同应力路径下或复杂加载条件下会表现出差异性显著的应力应变关系,在小幅循环加载条件下,其应力应变关系会表现出类似于弹性变形的滞回曲线.在不同应力水平下,混凝土的应力应变关系以及破坏特性都具有静水压力相关特点,即随着静水压力增大,各向异性强度特性弱化.此外,混凝土受压及受拉破坏机理不同,因而对应于混凝土硬化损伤亦有不同,即可分为受压硬化损伤,受拉硬化损伤及两者的混合硬化损伤类型.基于Hsieh模型,对该模型进行了三点改进.（1）针对小幅循环加载下混凝土无塑性变形的试验规律,而模型中在应力水平较低的循环加载条件下始终存在塑性变形的预测问题,采用在边界面模型框架下,设置了应力空间的弹性域,初始屈服面与后续临界状态屈服面几何相似的假定.（2）基于广义非线性强度准则将原模型采用变换应力方法将其推广为三维弹塑性本构模型,采用变换后模型可合理的考虑不同应力路径对于子午面以及偏平面上静水压力效应形成的影响,并避免了边界面应力点奇异问题.（3）分别对拉压两种加载损伤模式建议了相应的硬化参数表达式,可分别用于描述上述加载中产生的应变软化及强度退化行为.基于多种加载路径模拟表明:所建立的三维弹塑性本构模型可合理地用于描述混凝土的一般应力应变关系特性.      

基于修正的局部应力应变法估算连接件疲劳寿命

飞机机体结构疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展几乎都发生在紧固件连接处,预测结构连接件的疲劳寿命具有重要意义.为了准确计算连接件疲劳寿命,提出了一种修正的局部应力应变法,该方法首先采用应力严重系数法和修正Neuber法分析连接件高应力区的应力、应变,然后利用Manson-Coffin方程计算疲劳寿命,此外考虑到在中、高周疲劳里表面加工和尺寸因素的影响是不能忽略的,对应变-寿命曲线的弹性段作了修正以使其同时适用于高、低周疲劳寿命的估算.以搭接件为算例进行疲劳寿命计算,并使用MTS Landmark试验机对搭接件进行疲劳试验.结果表明,采用此方法估算的连接件疲劳寿命与试验结果相比误差小于16％,证明了此方法的有效性.     

岩石压缩过程应力-应变-磁感强度效应的实验研究

为了弄清岩石挤压产生的磁感强度效应,将钕铁硼Nd-Fe-B磁芯分别植入圆柱形大理岩、石灰岩中,在其周围产生磁场.借助断裂使岩石导磁回路与磁强发生的改变,进行挤压过程中应力、应变和磁感强度三变量测试.研究结果表明:岩石裂隙变化能够引起磁感强度的改变,应力-应变-磁强存在一一对应的数值关系;达到最大应力前,大理岩、石灰岩周围磁感强度出现增大异常的破坏预兆;在岩石裂解阶段,应力-应变曲线与磁强-应变曲线的变化规律具有明确的反对称性.最后还建立了分段表达岩石应力-磁感强度拟合关系式.     

基于0.2定围压比状态下的约束混凝土性能研究

通过对混凝土施加0.2定围压比,使单轴受压混凝土裂缝发展受到约束,研究了混凝土在接近无裂纹发展状态下的受压力学性能。本文以在MTS815.02岩石电液伺服系统上对不同强度等级的混凝土试件在定围压比为0.2时的单调、循环加卸载受压常规三轴试验为基础,研究分析了0.2定围压比对混凝土受压应力-应变规律的影响和围压对混凝土裂缝发展的限制效果,并根据0.2定围压比下混凝土材料的特殊性能,提出了无裂纹发展状态下混凝土上升段表达式及参数。分析结果表明,0.2定围压比下,各强度混凝土本构关系均表现出了类似金属材料的本构关系,且低强混凝土试件应力-应变的提高幅度优于中强混凝土试件。综上所述,0.2定围压比改善了混凝土在受压时无征兆失效(脆性破坏)的力学性能。     

钙质砂的胶结性及对力学性质影响的实验研究

对南海钙质砂进行了三轴实验研究,重点针对不同胶结情况下的力学性质,如不同胶结材料和含量的变化对强度和应力应变特性的影响等。研究表明,钙质砂具有与陆源砂不同的性质,它的内摩擦角高达48°,远大于一般陆源砂的35°左右;在低围压下钙质砂表现出剪胀性,但随围压增加剪胀性降低;利用硅酸盐水泥作为胶结材料效果较好;随着水泥含量的增加,钙质砂试样的强度增加。     

FAILURE MODE AND CONSTITUTIVE MODEL OF PLAIN HIGH-STRENGTH HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE UNDER BIAXIAL COMPRESSION AFTER EXPOSURE TO HIGH TEMPERATURES

An orthotropic constitutive relationship with temperature parameters for plain highstrength high-performance concrete （HSHPC） under biaxial compression is developed. It is based on the experiments performed for characterizing the strength and deformation behavior at two strength levels of HSHPC at 7 different stress ratios including a=σs ： σ3=0.00：-1,-0.20：-1,-0.30 ： -1,-0.40：-1,-0.50：-1,-0.75：-1,-1.00：-1, after the exposure to normal and high temperatures of 20, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600℃, and using a large static-dynamic true triaxial machine. The biaxial tests were performed on 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm cubic specimens, and friction-reducing pads were used consisting of three layers of plastic membrane with glycerine in-between for the compressive loading plane. Based on the experimental results, failure modes of HSHPC specimens were described. The principal static compressive strengths, strains at the peak stress and stress-strain curves were measured; and the influence of the temperature and stress ratios on them was also analyzed. The experimental results showed that the uniaxial compressive strength of plain HSHPC after exposure to high temperatures does not decrease dramatically with the increase of temperature. The ratio of the biaxial to its uniaxial compressive strength depends on the stress ratios and brittleness-stiffness of HSHPC after exposure to different temperature levels. Comparison of the stress-strain results obtained from the theoretical model and the experimental data indicates good agreement.