Linear spaces and preservers of symmetric matrices of bounded rank-two

Let 𝔽 be a field of characteristic two. Let S _n (𝔽) denote the vector space of all n?×?n symmetric matrices over 𝔽. We characterize i. subspaces of S _n (𝔽) all whose elements have rank at most two where n???3,

ii. linear maps from S _m (𝔽) to S _n (𝔽) that sends matrices of rank at most two into matrices of rank at most two where m, n???3 and |𝔽|?≠?2.

     

On column and null spaces of functions of a pair of oblique projectors

A number of characterizations involving column and null spaces of various functions of a pair of oblique projectors are established. Particular attention is paid to properties of a product of the two projectors, but other functions of the pair (such as sum, difference or sum and difference of products) are considered as well. In many cases, the results obtained generalize those already known to be valid for orthogonal projectors.     

Lower Bounds on the Size of Maximum Independent Sets and Matchings in Hypergraphs of Rank Three

In this paper, we study lower bounds on the size of a maximum independent set and a maximum matching in a hypergraph of rank three. The rank in a hypergraph is the size of a maximum edge in the hypergraph. A hypergraph is simple if no two edges contain exactly the same vertices. Let H be a hypergraph and let and be the size of a maximum independent set and a maximum matching, respectively, in H, where a set of vertices in H is independent (also called strongly independent in the literature) if no two vertices in the set belong to a common edge. Let H be a hypergraph of rank at most three and maximum degree at most three. We show that with equality if and only if H is the Fano plane. In fact, we show that if H is connected and different from the Fano plane, then and we characterize the hypergraphs achieving equality in this bound. Using this result, we show that that if H is a simple connected 3‐uniform hypergraph of order at least 8 and with maximum degree at most three, then and there is a connected 3‐uniform hypergraph H of order 19 achieving this lower bound. Finally, we show that if H is a connected hypergraph of rank at most three that is not a complete hypergraph on vertices, where denotes the maximum degree in H, then and this bound is asymptotically best possible. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Graph Theory     

Pure elements and intertwining classes of simple strata in local central simple algebras

Let S be a semigroup of words over an alphabet ∑ . Suppose tliar every two words u and e over ∑ are equal in S if (1) the sets of subwords of length k of the words a and b coincide and are non-empty. (2) the prefix (suffix) of u of length k1 is equal to the prefix (suffix) of e. Then S is called k-testable. A semigroup is locally testable if it is k-testable for some k > 0.

We present a finite basis of identities of the variety of A'-testable semigroups. The structure of k-testable semigroup is studied. Necessarv and sufficient conditions for local testability will be given. A solution to one problem from the survey of Shevrin and Sukhanov (1985) will be presented.     

Classification of Groups Which Admit a Finite Number of Distinct Right-Orders

Tararin has shown that a non-Abelian group G admits a nonzero finite number of distinct right-orders if and only if G is equipped with a Tararin-type series of some length n. Further, a group which has a Tararin-type series of length n admits 2 ⁿ right-orders. It is known that a group has two right-orders if and only if it is torsionfree Abelian of rank 1. Here we completely classify the groups which admit either four or eight right-orders.     

Quasi Co-Hopfian Modules and Applications

We carry out an extensive study of modules M _R with the property that M/f(M) is singular for all injective endomorphisms f of M. Such modules called “quasi co-Hopfian”, generalize co-Hopfian modules. It is shown that a ring R is semisimple if and only if every quasi co-Hopfian R-module is co-Hopfian. Every module contains a unique largest fully invariant quasi co-Hopfian submodule. This submodule is determined for some modules including the semisimple ones. Over right nonsingular rings several equivalent conditions to being quasi co-Hopfian are given. Modules with all submodules quasi co-Hopfian are called “completely quasi co-Hopfian” (cqcH). Over right nonsingular rings and over certain right Noetherian rings, it is proved that every finite reduced rank module is cqcH. For a right nonsingular ring which is right semi-Artinian (resp. right FBN) the class of cqcH modules is the same as the class of finite reduced rank modules if and only if there are only finitely many isomorphism classes of nonsingular R-modules which are simple (resp. indecomposable injective).     

非线性玻尔兹曼方程的傅里叶谱方法

玻尔兹曼方程作为空气动理学中最基本的方程之一,是连接微观牛顿力学和宏观连续介质力学的重要桥梁.该方程描述了一个由大量粒子组成的复杂系统的非平衡态时间演化:除了基本的输运项,其最重要的特性是粒子间的相互碰撞由一个高维,非局部且非线性的积分算子来描述,从而给玻尔兹曼方程的数值求解带来非常大的挑战.在过去的二十年间,基于傅里叶级数的谱方法成为了数值求解玻尔兹曼方程的一种很受欢迎且有效的确定性算法.这主要归功于谱方法的高精度及它可以被快速傅里叶变换加速的特质.本文将回顾玻尔兹曼方程的傅里叶谱方法,具体包括方法的导出,稳定性和收敛性分析,快速算法,以及在一大类基于碰撞的空气动理学方程中的推广.     

Euler Characteristics on virtually free products

We define Euler characteristics on classes of residually finite and virtually torsion free groups and we show that they satisfy certain formulas in the case of amalgamated free products and HNN extensions over finite subgroups. These formulas are obtained from a general result which applies to the rank gradient and the first L²?Betti number of a finitely generated group.