模糊神经网络的一种快速学习算法

本文对文献[1]《一种改进的模糊参数神经网络学习算法》中提出的F-BP算法进行分析研究，提出了一种效率更好的快速F—BP学习算法．在此算法中对模糊数的计算方法进行改进，减少了模糊神经网络训练及推理中的运算量，从而提高学习效率．     

气相色谱-质谱法测定甘蔗中除草剂残留量

提出了采用QuEChERS法提取净化,气相色谱-质谱法同时测定甘蔗中除草剂莠去津、乙草胺和莠灭净的残留量。采用DB-5MS毛细管柱分离,电子轰击离子源选择离子检测模式进行质谱测定。莠去津、乙草胺和莠灭净的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.001,0.002,0.001mg.kg-1。在3个浓度水平上对方法的回收率作了测定,测得回收率在88.0%～108.0%,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.1%～6.9%之间。     

A density-wave-like transition in the polycrystalline V3Sb2 sample with bilayer kagome lattice

Recently,transition-metal-based kagome metals have aroused much research interest as a novel platform to explore exotic topological quantum phenomena.Here we report on the synthesis,structure,and physical properties of a bilayer kagome lattice compound V₃Sb₂.The polycrystalline V₃Sb₂ samples were synthesized by conventional solid-state-reaction method in a sealed quartz tube at temperatures below 850℃.Measurements of magnetic susceptibility and resistivity revealed consistently a density-wave-like transition at Tdw≈160 K with a large thermal hysteresis,even though some sample-dependent behaviors were observed presumably due to the different preparation conditions.Upon cooling through Tdw,no strong anomaly in lattice parameters and no indication of symmetry lowering were detected in powder x-ray diffraction measurements.This transition can be suppressed completely by applying hydrostatic pressures of about 1.8 GPa,around which no sign of superconductivity was observed down to 1.5 K.Specific-heat measurements revealed a relatively large Sommerfeld coefficientγ=18.5 mJ·mol^-1·K^-2,confirming the metallic ground state with moderate electronic correlations.Density functional theory calculations indicate that V₃Sb₂ shows a non-trivial topological crystalline property.Thus,our study makes V₃Sb₂ a new candidate of metallic kagome compound to study the interplay between density-wave-order,nontrivial band topology,and possible superconductivity.     

环糊精包合作用对疏水缔合聚合物流变调节与应用

近年来,利用超分子作用力调节体系流变行为备受人们关注,已在多领域中展现出广泛的应用前景。而环糊精包合作用是一类重要的超分子作用力,向缔合聚合物水溶液中加入环糊精,将拆散缔合结构,引起粘度和粘弹性急剧下降;竞争客体或酶的加入又会诱导分子间发生新的组装行为,使体系流变性得到恢复。本文综述了基于环糊精包合作用的分子组装与流变调节在理论及应用方面的研究现状,重点介绍了环糊精对不同缔合聚合物溶液的流变影响规律和外加物质对体系流变恢复的调节。     

Simulation of the fben d transitions of lanthanide ions in YPO4 using quantum-chemical calculations

We constructed an effective one-electron Hamiltonian by using the 4f/5d energies and eigenvectors obtained from the first-principles calculation with the relativistic self-consistent discrete variational Slater software package (DV-Xα). From the effective Hamiltonian, we obtained the crystal-field and spin-orbit interaction parameters for the 4f and 5d electrons of lanthanide ions (Ce³⁺, Pr³⁺, Nd³⁺ and Eu³⁺⁾ doped in YPO₄, and these parameters were used to calculate the 4f^N-4f^N-15d transition. Comparison with experiments shows that the obtained parameters are reasonable and the excitation spectra can be well predicted.     

C轴压力下ZnO晶体结构及电子性质的第一性原理研究

本文采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理方法对ZnO晶体在c轴取向压力作用下的晶体结构、电子结构的变化进行了研究.结果表明,当压力在0～6 GPa区间时,晶格参数呈线性变化,带隙随压力增大而增大,显示弹性应变特征;当压力从6 GPa增大到10 GPa的过程中,晶体结构有了较大变化,出现了介于常压下纤锌矿结构和等静压高压下NaCl结构之间的类石墨结构(Graphitelike structure).伴随着这一结构相变,ZnO的晶格参数,能隙和态密度等电子结构出现了较大跃变.     

H2D+与固体的相互作用及H2D+的结构测量

报道了分子离子H₂D⁺与超薄固体膜相互作用的实验研究.阐述了H₂D⁺对天体物理等领域的重要性,简述了近几年针对H₂D⁺的研究,分析了在实验室条件下H₂D⁺的形成机理,给出了其与固体膜相互作用产生库仑爆炸的能谱.进行了辅助实验,使D₂⁺与相同固体膜发生作用,并利用这个结果和其他分析与处理方法,将H₂D⁺的D⁺能谱中D₂⁺计数部分做了去除.实验再次证实了分子离子与固体相互作用时尾流效应的存在,采用三体尾流效应对比的方法最终确定了H₂D⁺结构形状和键长.对H₂D⁺库仑爆炸后的较重离子尾流谱形状的反常现象做了讨论和分析.     

大菱鲆雌核发育二倍体的真鲷冷冻精子诱导及其生长评价

根据Hertwig效应,采用正交设计实验方法对真鲷(Pagrus major)冷冻精子诱导大菱鲆(Scophthal-mus maximus)减数分裂雌核发育的最佳条件进行了研究.结果表明,未经紫外线照射处理的真鲷精子与大菱鲆卵子受精后形成的胚胎,无论是否经过冷休克处理都不能孵化出膜;经剂量为64.8～72.0mJ.cm-2紫外线照射处理后的真鲷精子与大菱鲆卵子受精后形成的胚胎,初孵仔鱼表现出典型的单倍体综合征;受精和孵化水温为(14.5±0.5)℃时,大菱鲆雌核发育单倍体的冷休克二倍体化的最佳处理起始时间、处理水温和持续时间分别为受精后6.5min,-2℃和45min.至孵化后60日龄,雌核发育苗种的成活率为0.61%,仅相当于其半同胞对照的10%左右,60～180日龄两者的成活率差异不显著,均达90%以上;14月龄前,雌核发育苗种的全长和体重均比半同胞对照要低,此后雌核发育苗种由于雌性比例较高而生长速度加快,至17月龄时其全长和体重与半同胞对照基本相当.     

Triatomic wake effect and the determination of the molecular structure of HD2+ from the Coulomb explosion

A new theoretical model of the triatomic molecular wake effect is proposed and applied to molecular ions D+ 3 and HD+ 2 while passing through a solid.The wake effects resulting from the reactions of the two similar ions with thin carbon foil are also investigated by using the Coulomb explosion technique.The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical estimates and the molecular structure of HD+ 2 is determined by using the model.     

SIMCA法在中红外癌症检测技术中的应用

人体肿瘤的中红外光谱法早期检测是生物医学领域的前沿课题之一。研究了中红外FTIR光谱技术与化学计量方法 (模式识别技术 )相结合对人体恶性肿瘤进行检测的方法 ,并讨论了如何通过采用光谱预处理方法以及波长范围的选择来提高模式识别技术 (SIMCA法 )分类判别效果。研究了 6 3个胃癌病人的癌变组织和癌旁正常组织光谱 ,选择有代表性的 4 0个样品作为训练集 ,剩余的 2 3个样品作为预测集 ,该方法的准确率为 91%。这一研究结果表明傅里叶变换红外光谱法与化学计量学方法相结合可以对良、恶性组织进行鉴别诊断 ,有希望发展成为一种肿瘤快速诊断的新方法。