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141.
142.
A.P. Farkas 《Surface science》2007,601(1):193-200
The adsorption, desorption and dissociation of ethanol have been investigated by work function, thermal desorption (TPD) and high resolution electron energy loss (HREELS) spectroscopic measurements on Mo2C/Mo(1 0 0). Adsorption of ethanol on this sample at 100 K led to a work function decrease suggesting that the adsorbed layer has a positive outward dipole moment By means of TPD we distinguished three adsorption states, condensed layer with a Tp = 162 K, chemisorbed ethanol with Tp = 346 K and irreversibly bonded species which decomposes to different compounds. These are hydrogen, acetaldehyde, methane, ethylene and CO. From the comparison of the Tp values with those obtained following their adsorption on Mo2C it was inferred that the desorption of methane and ethylene is reaction limited, while that of hydrogen is desorption limited process. HREEL spectra obtained at 100 K indicated that at lower exposure ethanol undergoes dissociation to give ethoxy species, whereas at high exposure molecularly adsorbed ethanol also exists on the surface. Analysis of the spectral changes in HREELS observed for annealed surface assisted to ascertain the reaction pathways of the decomposition of adsorbed ethanol. 相似文献
143.
Ting Hu Peng Wu Jianfeng Zhan Weixin Wang Junfeng Shen Chi-Tang Ho Shiming Li 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(11)
Tea polysaccharides (TPSs) are one of the main bioactive constituents of tea with various biological activities such as hypoglycemic effect, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory. The bioactivities of TPSs are directly associated with their structures such as chemical composition, molecular weight, glycosidic linkages, and conformation among others. To study the relationship between the structures of TPSs and their bioactivities, it is essential to elucidate the structure of TPSs, particularly the fine structures. Due to the vast variation nature of monosaccharide units and their connections, the structure of TPSs is extremely complex, which is also affected by several major factors including tea species, processing technologies of tea and isolation methods of TPSs. As a result of the complexity, there are few studies on their fine structures and chain conformation. In the present review, we aim to provide a detailed summary of the multiple factors influencing the characteristics of TPS chemical structures such as variations of tea species, degree of fermentation, and preparation methods among others as well as their applications. The main aspects of understanding the structural difference of TPSs and influencing factors are to assist the study of the structure and bioactivity relationship and ultimately, to control the production of the targeted TPSs with the most desired biological activity. 相似文献
144.
Manuel Maia 《Discrete Mathematics》2008,308(23):5407-5427
We introduce two new binary operations on combinatorial species; the arithmetic product and the modified arithmetic product. The arithmetic product gives combinatorial meaning to the product of Dirichlet series and to the Lambert series in the context of species. It allows us to introduce the notion of multiplicative species, a lifting to the combinatorial level of the classical notion of multiplicative arithmetic function. Interesting combinatorial constructions are introduced; cloned assemblies of structures, hyper-cloned trees, enriched rectangles, etc. Recent research of Cameron, Gewurz and Merola, about the product action in the context of oligomorphic groups, motivated the introduction of the modified arithmetic product. By using the modified arithmetic product we obtain new enumerative results. We also generalize and simplify some results of Canfield, and Pittel, related to the enumerations of tuples of partitions with the restrictions met. 相似文献
145.
A study is carried out by FT-IR spectroscopy of the carbonate species formed upon interaction of CO2 with alumina and vanadia-alumina catalysts doped with sodium. It is found that the presence of sodium enhances the ability of the catalyst surface to adsorb CO2, yielding to carbonate formation. The species formed changes in the presence of vanadium, shifting the νCOO stretching bands towards higher wavenumbers than those recorded in Na-Al2O3 systems. 相似文献
146.
Tobias M. Haas 《Journal of statistical physics》1989,54(1-2):201-219
An investigation is made of how a recently foundq-state generalization of the hard-square model fits into a more general phase diagram. The investigation is done by Monte Carlo and series expansion methods. Evidence is presented that the one-dimensional manifold of parameters along which the model is exactly solvable represents a line of first-order phase transitions. 相似文献
147.
Anil Kumar 《Journal of Chemical Sciences》1986,97(1):1-7
The distribution of nickel and cobalt species has been computed, based on the pH-dependent model of Zirino and Yamamoto. The
media used in the pH range of 7 to 9 are natural waters like fresh water, sea water and a mixture of them at different compositions,
at 25°C temperature and 1 atm pressure. In fresh water, both nickel and cobalt dominate as free cations at lower pH, and as
carbonato complexes at higher pH. In sea water, chloro complexes are significant. In mixtures of the two kinds of water, as
might be found in a totally mixed estuary, chloro complexes are important, varying slowly with pH. Sea water plays an important
role in complexation. The present results are in excellent agreement with experimental data obtained by the resin exchange
method. 相似文献
148.
Papia Chowdhury Tirtha Pratim Adhikary Sankar Chakravorti 《Journal of luminescence》2008,128(7):1113-1120
In this paper, an interesting transformation of the emission of anionic conformer of 2-benzoyl bezimidazole in ionic and non-ionic micelles is reported. Deprotonation is hindered in cationic and non-ionic micelles owing to probe molecule's passage deep inside positive ion-rich Stern-layer in contrast with anionic micelle. The orientation of probe molecule in the two ionic micelles, as determined from the spectral properties is opposite in nature. Micellar environment shields the formation of mono- and di-cationic species at very low pH. Three decay times of the probe in different time domains were attributed to three possible anionic species and they are modified differently in ionic and neutral micelles. Quantum chemical calculations also predict the existence of three different possible anionic species. 相似文献
149.
A systematic study of the biomethylation of selenium and the determination of the methylated species indicates preliminarily that selenium is susceptible to natural biomethylation under certain environmental conditions. Detectable levels of methylated selenium species, including dimethyl selenide [(CH3)2Se], dimethyl diselenide [(CH3)2Se2] and dimethylselenone [(CH3)2SeO2] have been detected by gas chromatography – graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GC – GF AA) from a variety of environmental samples. Findings of naturally methylated selenium species from both soil samples and related air samples suggest that there may exist a localized cycle of selenium between ground soil and the ambient air. Factors that influence the sensitivity and accuracy for the determination of alkyl selenide compounds by GC – GF AA have also been investigated. Flashlike injection mode and addition of about 10% of hydrogen gas to the argon carrier gas provide for highly sensitive detection. Reproducible determination can be obtained with a precision of about 6% and the detection limits are 0.3 ng Se m?3. 相似文献
150.
Bharathi Avula Yan‐Hong Wang Zulfiqar Ali Troy J. Smillie Vicky Filion Alain Cuerrier John T. Arnason Ikhlas A. Khan 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2009,23(8):865-872
An HPLC method permitting the simultaneous determination of fourteen analytes (phenylalkanoids and monoterpenoids) from the roots of Rhodiola rosea was developed. A separation was achieved within 35 min using C18 column material and a water–acetonitrile mobile phase, both containing a 0.05% phosphoric acid gradient system and a temperature of 53°C. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, limits of detection and limits of quantification. The limits of detection and limits of quantification of 14 phenylalkanoids and monoterpenoids were found to be 0.20–1.0 and 0.5–3.5 µg/mL, respectively. The wavelengths used for quantification of phenylalkanoids and monoterpenoids with a diode array detector were 205, 220 and 251 nm. The method was used to analyze the roots of two species of Rhodiola and commercial extracts of R. rosea and provides preliminary evidence of phytochemical differences between North American and Eurasian populations of R. rosea. LC–mass spectrometry coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) interface method is described for the identification of phenylalkanoids and monoterpenoids in various Rhodiola samples. This method involved the use of the [M + H]+, [M + NH4]+ and [M + Na]+ ions in the positive ion mode with extractive ion monitoring (EIM). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献