基于加权流量介数中心性的路网脆弱性分析——以无锡市为例

针对当前路网脆弱性研究中缺乏对真实交通状况考量的问题，在复杂网络理论的基础上，结合交通流量信息，提出了基于加权流量介数中心性的路网脆弱性分析方法。首先计算路网拓扑抽象图中各节点的最短路径介数中心性，然后使用流量数据对相应区域最短路径介数中心性加权，综合得到最终的脆弱性指标结果。以无锡市为例，对其实际交通路网脆弱性进行了计算，结果表明，该方法能综合反映静态全局路网结构与动态局部通行信息和现实交通情景下的路网脆弱性。     

螺旋管聚能药包根底光面爆破机理研究及应用

针对现阶段光面爆破存在的根底不平整问题以及炸药能量利用率低的问题，提出了一种螺旋管聚能药包。为探究药包的破岩机理，采用LS-DYNA数值模拟和钻孔爆破试验相结合的方法研究了此药包的破岩机理。数值模拟结果表明，螺旋管聚能药包能形成连续金属射流侵彻炮孔孔壁，孔壁被侵彻出垂直炮孔方向的裂缝。用普通柱状药包和此药包进行钻孔爆破对比试验，结果表明，螺旋管药包试样的残留炮孔孔壁有螺旋形侵彻缝，印证了数值模拟的侵彻结果。并且相比于普通柱状药包，其炮孔利用率提高7.2%、扩孔率提高8.4%。将此药包应用于舟山绿色石化基地围垦区，结果表明，螺旋管药包爆破区域根底高度平均比普通装药低14 cm，根底高度标准差比普通装药小12 cm。研究成果在爆破工程应用中有很大价值，可以降低施工成本、加快施工进度、提高爆破效果，适合在矿山开采、井巷掘进等工程中使用。     

波形钢板-UHPC组合桥面板结构截面优化

对实腹式波形顶板-UHPC(超高性能混凝土)组合桥面板进行了改进, 采用空腹式结构建立波形钢板-UHPC组合桥面板有限元模型, 研究UHPC层厚度、波形钢板厚度、波形长度、下缘板宽度和波形高度等截面参数变化对组合桥面板受力特性的影响, 并确定其合理取值范围. 在此基础上, 通过理想点法对参数组合进行优化, 得到合理的参数匹配. 研究结果表明 相较于实腹式组合桥面板, 优化后的组合桥面板自重减小35%, 钢板弯折处应力减小16%; 相较于正交异性钢桥面板, 桥面板用钢量减小7%, 顶板与U肋连接位置应力减小47%.     

福建登陆北上台风对杭州影响的对比分析

利用自动站观测资料、探空资料和全球预测系统（global forecast system，GFS）分析资料，结合统计分析、合成分析、对比分析以及物理量诊断等方法，对5个福建登陆北上并严重影响杭州的台风进行了分析，结果表明：（1）福建登陆北上影响杭州的5个台风可以分为两类，一类是福建登陆北上越过30°N（北上台风），另一类是刚进入浙南就减弱为低压（1010号莫兰蒂台风）。北上台风对杭州造成了大风和暴雨双重影响，而1010号莫兰蒂台风主要带来的是暴雨。（2）在北上台风对杭州产生较大影响时，其合成台风中心位于福建中部地区，东南风低空急流和偏南风低空急流显著，杭州处于台风环流第一象限两支急流的交汇处，利于产生暴雨、大风；而在1010号莫兰蒂台风对杭州产生较大影响时已减弱为热带低压环流，其北部倒槽与西风带冷空气相结合是产生特大暴雨的主要原因，低压环流与副高之间的偏南风急流也有利于暴雨形成。（3）两类台风虽然部分指数和空间热动力结构相近，但北上台风的水汽条件和动力条件更好，而1010号莫兰蒂台风在冷空气切入和斜压性增强作用下，具备更高的对流有效位能，出现对流性强降水的可能性更大。     

Synergistic antibacterial effects of ultrasound and thyme essential oils nanoemulsion against Escherichia coli O157:H7

Essential oil nanoemulsions have been proven to have stronger antimicrobial effects compared to the essential oil alone or coarse emulsion. Sonoporation could be the promising candidate to trigger a synergistic effect with thyme essential oil nanoemulsion (TEON) and produce a more effective antibacterial efficacy. Therefore, in this study, the bactericidal effects of ultrasound (US) in combination with TEON treatments against Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 were investigated. The remarkable synergistic effects of US (20 kHz, 255 W/cm², 9 min) and TEON (0.375 mg/mL) treatments at 22 °C reduced E. coli O157:H7 populations by 7.42 ± 0.27 log CFU/mL.The morphological changes of cells exposed to different treatments were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the synergistic effects of the ultrasound and TEON treatments altered the morphology and interior microstructure of organism cells. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) images revealed that the combination treatments of ultrasound and TEON altered the permeability of cell membranes, and this affected the integrity of E. coli O157:H7 cells. This was further indicated by the high amounts of nucleic acids and proteins released from these cells following treatment.The results from this study illustrated the mechanisms of the synergistic effects of sonoporation and TEON treatments and provided valuable information for their potential in food pasteurization.     

腔光子-自旋波量子耦合系统中各向异性奇异点的实验研究

通过耦合三维微波腔中光子和腔内钇铁石榴石单晶小球中的自旋波量子形成腔-自旋波量子的耦合系统,并通过精确调节系统参数在该实验系统中观测到各向异性奇异点.奇异点对应于非厄米系统中一种特殊状态,在奇异点处,耦合系统的本征值和本征矢均简并,并且往往伴随着非平庸的物理性质.以往大量研究主要集中在各向同性奇异点的范畴,它的特征是在系统参数空间中沿着不同参数坐标趋近该奇异点时具有相同的函数关系.在这篇文章中,主要介绍实验上在腔光子-自旋波量子耦合系统中通过调节系统的耦合强度和腔的耗散衰减系数两条趋近奇异点的路径而实现了各向异性奇异点,具体分别对应于在趋近奇异点时,本征值的虚部的变化与耦合强度和腔的衰减系数的变化会有线性和平方根不同的行为.各向异性奇异点的实现有助于基于腔光子-自旋波量子耦合系统的量子信息处理和精密探测器件的进一步研究.     

Manothermosonication (MTS) treatment by a continuous-flow system: Effects on the degradation kinetics and microstructural characteristics of citrus pectin

Modified pectin (MP) was reported to have increased bioactivities compared with the original one. However, traditional modification methods such as using an acidic solvent with heating are not only costly but causing severe pollution as well. In this study, manothermosonication (MTS) with a continuous-flow system was utilized to modify citrus pectin. The citrus pectin (5 g/L) treated by MTS (3.23 W/mL, 400 kPa, 45 °C) exhibited lower molecular weight (Mw, 248.17 kDa) and PDI (2.76). The pectin treated by MTS (400 KPa, 45 °C, 5 min) exhibited a narrower Mw distribution and lowered more Mw (48.8%) than the ultrasound(US)-treated (23.8%). Pectin degradation data fitted well to kinetic model of 1/Mw_t −1/Mw₀ = kt (45–65 °C). A lower activation energy of 13.33 kJ/mol was observed in the MTS treatment compared with the US-treated (16.38 kJ/mol). The MTS-treated pectin lowered the degree of methoxylation (DM), mol% of rhamnose and galacturonic acid (GalA) while increased mol% of galactose (Gal), xylose (Xyl), and arabinose (Ara). The ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance showed that MTS could not alter the primary structures of citrus pectin. However, an elevated (Gal + Ara)/Rha and reduced GalA/(Rha + Ara + Gal + Xyl) molar ratios after MTS suggested that MTS resulted in more significant degradation on the main chains and less on the side chains of pectin, in agreement with the result of atomic force microscope. Moreover, the MTS-treated pectin exhibited a higher 1,1-diphenyl-2picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging capacity compared with original pectin.