流体中纳米物体的静电俘获

俘获一个物体(无论是单个的原子还是一个宏观的实体)的能力影响到诸如量子光学、软凝聚态物理、生物物理和临床医学等众多学科.人们已研究开发出许多精密的方法来记录溶液中布朗运动的随机效应.但是,稳定地俘获纳米尺度     

On the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability for Two Uniform Viscous Incompressible Flows

The authors study the Rayleigh-Taylor instability for two incompressible immis- cible fluids with or without surface tension, evolving with a free interface in the presence of a uniform gravitational field in Eulerian coordinates. To deal with the free surface, instead of using the transformation to Lagrangian coordinates, the perturbed equations in Eule- rian coordinates are transformed to an integral form and the two-fluid flow is formulated as a single-fluid flow in a fixed domain, thus offering an alternative approach to deal with the jump conditions at the free interface. First, the linearized problem around the steady state which describes a denser immiscible fluid lying above a light one with a free interface separating the two fluids, both fluids being in （unstable） equilibrium is analyzed. By a general method of studying a family of modes, the smooth （when restricted to each fluid domain） solutions to the linearized problem that grow exponentially fast in time in Sobolev spaces are constructed, thus leading to a global instability result for the linearized problem. Then, by using these pathological solutions, the global instability for the corresponding nonlinear problem in an appropriate sense is demonstrated.     

非牛顿磁性纳米流体旋转流动

研究非牛顿磁性纳米磁体定常旋转流动。考虑到磁化强度的特殊贡献,应用修正的非牛顿磁性流体运动方程,磁场作用是纯扩散,不受流体运动速度场的影响。给出了多种流动的解析解。应用计算机符号运算技术,软件Maple16,可以得岀非牛顿上随体Maxwell磁性纳米流体和Oldroyd B磁性纳米流体非定常流动方程的各级近似解的常微分方程,获得解析和数值解。在研究中对纳米流体的物质常数作纳米修正。     

Some exact solutions of the oscillatory motion of a generalized second grade fluid in an annular region of two cylinders

The velocity field and the associated shear stress corresponding to the longitudinal oscillatory flow of a generalized second grade fluid, between two infinite coaxial circular cylinders, are determined by means of the Laplace and Hankel transforms. Initially, the fluid and cylinders are at rest and at t = 0＋ both cylinders suddenly begin to oscillate along their common axis with simple harmonic motions having angular frequencies Ω1 and Ω2. The solutions that have been obtained are presented under integral and series forms in terms of the generalized G and R functions and satisfy the governing differential equation and all imposed initial and boundary conditions. The respective solutions for the motion between the cylinders, when one of them is at rest, can be obtained from our general solutions. Furthermore, the corresponding solutions for the similar flow of ordinary second grade fluid and Newtonian fluid are also obtained as limiting cases of our general solutions. At the end, the effect of different parameters on the flow of ordinary second grade and generalized second grade fluid are investigated graphically by plotting velocity profiles.     

应力偶流体的精确解

应力偶流体是一种粘性介质,其中悬浮着刚性的、随机排列的粒子,在科学和工程技术、医疗临床中具有广泛的应用背景和现实意义.本文采用逆方法研究并获得了应力偶流体的定常和非定常精确解.所得结果表明应力偶流体运动特性不仅依赖于物质粘性常数,而且强烈地依赖于应力偶流体特有的与固体颗粒尺度有关的物性常数.这些精确解为实验,数值以及渐近解的检验提供了借鉴和参考.     

Two sample applications of a classical isoperimetric problem of the calculus of variations to fluid mechanical problems in fluidization and spouting

This paper is devoted to outlining precisely the basic mathematics of a classical isoperimetric problem of the calculus of variations and showing how significant fluid mechanical problems in fluidization and spouting can be addressed using this approach.     

关于粘滞流体层流流量公式的讨论

泊肃叶公式仅适用于水平圆管内层流，本文根据稳定流动和内摩擦力的概念推导管轴的取向为任意方向时粘滞流体在均匀圆管内层流的流量公式，从而，得到水平管、垂直管等不同情况下的流量公式．     

等容条件下H2O-CO2-CH4混合流体的高温拉曼光谱就位分析

 以合成包裹体作为腔体，用显微激光拉曼探针就位分析了H₂O-CO₂-CH₄混合流体的高温特性。研究结果表明，在高温下，CH₄和CO₂相互之间对各自拉曼光谱的影响不大，水分子对它们的拉曼峰有比较大的影响。在等容条件下，流体均一前，随着温度的升高，水分子的氢键几乎呈线性减少，均一为气相的流体，水分子伸缩振动拉曼峰的变化与一般气体变化相似；随着温度升高，体系压力的增加，最大峰频率呈很微小的降低趋势。均一为液相的流体中的水分子，在均一温度时，氢键变化发生了转折，均一后流体中水分子的氢键受温度的影响比均一前明显要小，在测量的最高温度520 ℃，水分子存在着一定的氢键作用。一直到拉曼光谱测量的最高温度580 ℃还未均一的流体，液相中水分子存在比较强的氢键作用。     

相变乳状液的储冷模型与参数分析

本文建立了一种乳化的非牛顿相变功能流体的循环储冷模型,对影响其储冷性能的各项参数进行了模拟计算和分析。得出了描述不同储冷条件下与初始温度相关联的显热段和与乳液浓度相关联的潜热段储冷性能特征的无量纲关联式,以及储冷速率的相对比较。计算结果与有限条件下的测试结果基本吻合。该研究结果对采用潜热型功能相变流体储冷装置的设计具有参考价值。     

细菌的同步漂流

最近美国Arizona大学的ColdsteinR和KesslerJ教授在研究微小杆状菌 (这是一种有氧细菌 )的浓度分布时 ,发现了细菌具有同步的漂流 ,这类同步漂流产生了许多引人注目的、过去未曾发现过的流体斑图 .有氧细菌是利用快速的螺旋状的旋转流过流体 ,附在其身上的鞭毛 (有点类似于头发