空间遥感器调焦机构组件动特性分析

为了研究某种空间遥感器调焦机构组件的动特性,对其进行了锤击法模态试验。通过采用有限元分析软件MSC/NASTRAN对空间遥感器调焦机构组件进行模态分析,得到了空间遥感器调焦机构组件的低阶固有振动频率和主振型。对空间遥感器调焦机构组件试验模态与计算模态进行了对比,并进行了相关性分析和评估。通过空间遥感器调焦机构组件试验模态与计算模态的对比可知:前四阶的固有频率相对误差均在5%以内;模态置信准则判据(MAC)的值均在0.95左右;模态贡献因子(MPF)的值均在0.9左右。说明空间遥感器调焦机构组件计算模态与试验模态具有比较好的相关性,有限元模型比较准确地反映了实际的空间遥感器调焦机构组件的动特性,并为空间遥感器调焦机构的进一步设计提供了依据。     

空间光学遥感器调焦机构组件力学特性分析

为了保证空间光学遥感器调焦机构的稳定性,基于经典接触理论利用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS对调焦机构进行力学特性分析。在进行等效静态分析时对调焦机构施加3000N作用力,得到结构第一阶模态为90Hz,满足空间光学遥感器结构整体模态大于50Hz的要求;动态分析时对调焦机构施加1N单位脉冲力,得出结构动能、加速度曲线和瞬态响应分析模态70.5Hz。力学特性分析结果表明结构具有良好的稳定性,为空间光学遥感器后续研制工作提供了一定的基础。     

Vertical focusing study in the central region of the CYCIAE-100 cyclotron

The vertical focusing is one of the primary problems in the central region of cyclotrons. This focusing effect brought about by the magnetic field is inclined to be weak near the center of the machine due to the fact that the flutter is small, while the electric focusing forces incurred from the dee gaps become very strong. Since the electric focusing effect is dependent on the RF phase, we have proceeded to carry out analytical calculations and numerical simulation about the vertical focusing in the central region of CYCIAE-100, including magnetic focusing, electric focusing and the defocusing effect from the space charge effect. All the results have been used for the design of the central region for CYCIAE-100 and a good vertical focusing has been obtained.     

Arbitrary shaped, liquid filled reverberators with non-resonant transducers for broadband focusing of ultrasound using Time Reversed Acoustics

The ability to generate short focused ultrasonic pulses with duration on the order of one period of carrier frequency depends on the bandwidth of the transmitter as the pulse duration is inversely proportional to the bandwidth. Conventional focusing arrays used for focusing ultrasound have limited bandwidth due to the resonant nature of the piezoelements generating ultrasound. Theoretically it is possible to build a broadband phased array composed of “non-resonant” elements: wedge-shaped or flat-concave piezotransducers, though there are numerous technical difficulties in designing arrays with hundreds of elements of complex shape. This task is much easier to realize in an alternative technique of ultrasound focusing based on the principles of Time Reversed Acoustics (TRA) because in TRA systems, effective focusing can be achieved with just a few, or even one, transducers. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of broadband focusing of ultrasonic waves using a TRA system with non-resonant transducers and to explore the factors affecting the performance of such a system. A new type of TRA reverberators, such as water-filled thin-wall plastic vessels, which can be used with the submersible piezotransducers fixed internally in the reverberator, are proposed and tested. The experiments are conducted in a water tank with the walls and bottom covered by a sound absorbing lining. A needle hydrophone mounted on a 3D positioning system is used as a beacon for the TRA focusing and then for measuring the spatial distribution of the focused ultrasound field. The bandwidth and spatial distribution of the signal focused by the TRA system using a single channel with the resonant versus non-resonant transducers have been analyzed. Two types of non-resonant transducers were tested: a flat-concave transducer with a diameter of 30 mm, and a thickness varying from 2 mm in the center to 11 mm at the edge, and a specially designed submersible transducer having an uneven shape with a diameter of about 25 mm and a thickness varying from 2 to 6 mm. It was shown that TRA focusing system using non-resonant transducer had a bandwidth at 10 dB of 500 kHz while the resonant transducer provided about 100 kHz bandwidth. Correspondingly, the extended bandwidth of the TRA focusing system, especially toward higher frequencies, provides a 50% sharper spatial distribution. Furthermore, the relative level of the background ultrasound was reduced by a factor up to 3 as more frequencies were added coherently in focus and incoherently out of focus. Advantages of water-filled reverberators made of thin-wall plastic vessels include easy manufacturing, low costs, extreme simplicity, and good acoustical matching with soft tissues, important for biomedical applications.     

单克隆抗体-白介素2融合蛋白一级结构的确证

建立单克隆抗体-白介素2融合蛋白一级结构确证的方法.用基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱测定单克隆抗体-白介素2融合蛋白的精确相对分子质量,毛细管等电聚焦方法测定其等电点,通过N-末端氨基酸序列的测定以及肽图分析,证实了抗体-白介素2融合蛋白一级结构表达的正确性,同时为单克隆抗体-白介素2融合蛋白的质量标准研究奠定了基础.     

Direct MALDI-MS Analysis of Proteins Isolated by Liquidphase Isoelectric Focusing Electrophoresis

A liquid-phase isoelectric focusing electrophoresis system(Rotofor) was used as the prefractionation tool for the sample preparation in the MALDI-MS analysis of a protein mixture. Each fraction collected was then directly subjected to MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. By this approach, we are able to resolve two types of hemoglobins, A and C, which cannot be successfully separated by means of the traditional SDS-PAGE method.     

纳升电喷雾毛细管液相色谱-串联质谱鉴定K562细胞株中混合蛋白质

用标准蛋白质混合物建立了一种适用于低丰度混合蛋白质及其异构体分离与鉴定的蛋白质组学方法。通过IPG胶条等电聚焦分离蛋白质,染色后进行混合胶内酶切,采用纳升电喷雾毛细管液相色谱一串联质谱“散弹法（shot-gun）”分析酶切产物,并进行数据库检索鉴定蛋白质。运用该方法从K562细胞株样品中鉴定出14种具有重要功能的蛋白质,部分蛋白质同时在多个条带中出现,可能是异构体。肽段及其碎片离子的平均质量偏差小于0．05U,综合得分大都远远超过有效值。该方法灵敏、准确度高、分辨率高、省时、便于操椎存苍宗罾白甩异构体青而右优势．     

毛细管等电聚焦/毛细管无胶筛分电泳二维蛋白质分离平台的构建

设计并制作了一种新型的中空纤维接口,以此为核心构建了毛细管等电聚焦(CLEF)／毛细管无胶筛分(CNGE)电泳二维蛋白质分离技术平台,实现了将二维凝胶电泳从平板转移到毛细管中。利用该二维分离平台,对血红蛋白样品进行了高效、快速分离分析,验证了该二维分离平台的可行性及分离效能。实验结果表明：二维分离系统总的峰个数和分离效能都比各自一维分离系统有较大提高。     

Bilinear electric field gradient focusing

Electric field gradient focusing (EFGF) uses an electric field gradient and a hydrodynamic counter flow to simultaneously separate and focus charged analytes in a channel. Previously, most EFGF devices were designed to form a linear field gradient in the channel. However, the peak capacity obtained using a linear gradient is not much better than what can be obtained using conventional CE. Dynamic improvement of peak capacity in EFGF can be achieved by using a nonlinear gradient. Numerical simulation results indicate that the peak capacity in a 4-cm long channel can be increased from 20 to 150 when changing from a linear to convex bilinear gradient. To demonstrate the increased capacity experimentally, an EFGF device with convex bilinear gradient was fabricated from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-functionalized acrylic copolymers. The desired gradient profile was confirmed by measuring the focusing positions of a standard protein for different counter flow rates at constant voltage. Dynamically controlled elution of analytes was demonstrated using a monolith-filled bilinear EFGF channel. By increasing the flow rate, stacked proteins that were ordered but not resolved after focusing in the steep gradient segment were moved into the shallow gradient segment, where the analyte peak resolution increased significantly. In this way, the nonlinear field gradient was used to realize a dynamic increase in the peak capacity of the EFGF method.     

一步法和两步法毛细管等电聚焦测定蛋白质和多肽等电点的比较

利用一步法和两步法毛细管等电聚焦(cIEF)方法分离测定了蛋白质和多肽的等电点(pI)。讨论了两步法等电聚焦过程所需的溶液组成、样品进样体积、聚焦电压、聚焦时间和分离条件等因素对分离效果的影响。并对一步法和两步法进行了比较。对细胞色素C、血红蛋白、肌红蛋白、转铁蛋白和牛血清白蛋白以及6种多肽的分析结果表明:一步法步骤简单,分离速度快,可测定单一组分的pI,也能快速分离混合蛋白和多肽,但分离度较差,且不能同时准确测定各组分的pI;两步法步骤复杂,分析时间较长,但能够同时分离并准确测定混合样品中各组分的pI,所测的pI值与单一组分进行测定的结果基本一致。两种方法可相互结合、互为补充,可广泛应用于两性生物微粒等电点的快速和准确测定。