ZnS∶Tb薄膜电致发光的量子效率及过热电子分布

采用高频溅射的方法制备了高亮度的ＺｎＳ∶Ｔｂ薄膜电致发光器件．测量了发射强度比Ｉ（５Ｄ３－７Ｆ６）／Ｉ（５Ｄ４－７Ｆ４）随激发电压的变化关系、弛豫时间及发光的量子效率，计算了碰撞截面，分析ＺｎＳ∶Ｔｂ的过热电子的分布，并与ＺｎＳ∶Ｍｎ进行了比较．指出了ＺｎＳ∶Ｔｂ效率与ＺｎＳ∶Ｍｎ效率差异的可能原因．     

能斯脱热定理与热力学第三定律

 一、能斯脱热定理的发现本世纪初低温技术的进一步发展,同时化学热力学理论也达到了一定的发展水平,这样历史为热力学第三定律的发现准备了成熟的条件。1906年能斯脱(Nernst)系统地研究了低温下的化学反应后,得出结论说,在趋近于绝对零度时,化学亲合势A和反应热Q相等。     

Tm3+在亚碲酸盐玻璃中升频发光的研究及其光谱性质的J-O计算

报道了一种新组份亚碲酸盐玻璃作为掺稀土基质在提高升频发光效率方面的优良特性.在970mmLD泵浦下这种Tm³⁺掺杂的亚碲酸玻璃明显的蓝色及红色升频发光,通过测量其吸收光谱,用J-O理论计算了这种玻璃基质中Tm³⁺离子各发光能级的自发辐射几率、跃迁振子强度、分支比及寿命等光谱参量.并计算了481mm和650mm两种发光的发射截面.     

生物膜电极反应器降解对氨基二甲基苯胺的研究

采用生物膜电极法降解对氨基二甲基苯胺, 并与生物法降解和电化学降解的效果进行了比较.     

STATISTICAL STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WIDTHS AND RETENTION TIMES OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC PEAKS

The k' (capacity ratio)and w_(1/2) (width at half peak height) values of chromatographic peaks were measured for the members of three homologous series, i.e. n-alkanes, n-alkyl alcohols and n-alkyl benzencs on three packed columns with OV 22,5, EGS or PEG 4000 as liquid phase respectively under suitable chromatographic conditions. It was found that the k'-w_(1/2) points of any homologous series on any column did not fall into a straight line, while they were best fitted by a curve.When the method of linear regression was applied to the k'-w_(1/2) data in order to make a comparison with the results of other chromatographers, it was proven that the linear regression lines obtained on the same column for samples of different homologous series always differed significantly.Whether β, a column parameter proposed by Lu, the author who advanced the theory of multi-component chromatography, may hold constant was also experimentally tested, and it was concluded that the constancy of β found little experimental     

不同掺杂浓度Tm3+：LiLuF4单晶的1800 nm荧光发射

采用坩埚下降法生长了Tm³⁺掺杂浓度为0.45%,0.90%,1.63%与3.25%（摩尔分数,x）的LiLuF₄单晶.测试了样品的电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）、X射线衍射（XRD）谱、吸收光谱（1400-2000 nm）,并且分析比较了808 nm半导体激光器（LD）激发下荧光光谱. 结果表明：当Tm³⁺的浓度从0.45%变化到3.25%时,1800 nm处的荧光强度呈现了先增后减的趋势,当掺杂浓度约为0.90%时达到最大值,而位于1470 nm处的荧光强度则呈现了相反的趋势. Tm³⁺：³F₄能级的荧光衰减寿命随着掺杂浓度的增加不断减小. 1800 nm处的这种荧光强度变化归结于Tm³⁺离子间的交叉驰豫效应（³H₆,³H₄→³F₄,³F₄）和自身的浓度猝灭效应. 同时计算得到了浓度为0.90%的样品在1890 nm处的最大发射截面为0.392×10^-20 cm². 并且根据Judd-Ofelt 理论所得寿命和测定的荧光寿命计算得到了³F₄→³H₆的最大量子效率约为120%.     

Optimum fluorescence emission around 1.8 μm for LiYF4 single crystals of various Tm3＋-doping concentrations

In this paper, optical spectra of LiYF4 single crystals doped with Tm3＋ ions of various concentrations are reported. The emission intensity at 1.8 ktm first increases with increasing Tm3＋ concentration, and reaches a maximum value when the concentration of Tm3＋ is about 1.28 mol%, then it decreases rapidly as the concentration of Tm3＋ further increases to 3.49 mol%. The emission lifetime at 1.8 p.m also shows a similar tendency to the emission intensity. The maximum lifetime of 1.8 μm is measured to be 17.68 ms for the sample doped with Tm3＋ of 1.28 mol%. The emission cross section of 3F4 level is calculated. The maximum reaches 3.76 × 10 -21 cm2 at 1909 nm. The cross relaxation （3H6, 3H4 →3 F4, 3F4） between Tm3＋ ions and the concentration quenching effect are mainly attributed to the change of emission with Tm3＋ concentration. The largest quantum efficiency between Tm3＋ ions is estimated to be ,-147% from the measured lifetime and calculated radiative lifetime. All the results suggest that the Tm3＋/LiYF4 single crystal may have potential applications in 2 μm mid-infrared lasers.     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaMnO3无铅压电陶瓷的结构与电性能

采用固相法制备了(0.8 -x)Na0.5 Bi0.5TiO3 -0.2K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xBaMnO3(简称NBT-KBT-BM)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同BM含量(x=0,0.25％,0.50％,0.75％,1.00％,1.25％,物质的量分数)样品的物相组成、显微结构及电性能.结果表明:所制备的NBT-KBT-BM陶瓷样品均为单一的钙钛矿结构.与纯NBT-KBT陶瓷相比,掺BM陶瓷的烧结温度降低,相对密度ρr得到提高.随x的增加,材料的压电常数d33、平面机电耦合系数kp与机械品质因子Qm先增大后减小,而介电损耗tanδ以及退极化温度Td一直降低.BM的掺入降低了材料的矫顽场Ec,提高了剩余极化强度Pr,从而增强了铁电性.当x=0.75％时,陶瓷获得最佳性能:d33=167 pC/N,kp=0.269,Qm=133,εr=774,tanδ=2.93％.     

Er~(3+),Yb~(3+)共掺杂Y_2O_3纳米晶体粉末中1.5μm近红外发光增强现象的研究

用燃烧法制备了平均粒径为10和40nm的(Y0.96Er0.02Yb0.02)O3纳米晶体样品,并通过1200℃高温退火获得了同样组分的体材料样品。利用X射线衍射谱(XRD),傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱(FTIR),透射电镜(TEM)和透射电镜(SEM)照片对样品的晶体结构和形貌进行了表征。测量了不同样品980nm激发下的上转换发射光谱和近红外发射光谱。对实验结果的分析发现,随着粒径的减小,样品发射光谱中红光和近红外发射的成分增加。产生这一现象的原因是由于纳米材料具有比表面积大的特点,能够吸附更多的OH-(振动能量3200～3800cm-1),OH-数量的增加使电子从Er3+的4I11/2→4I13/2能级(能量差3600cm-1)的无辐射弛豫速率增大,这一无辐射弛豫过程减少了4I11/2上的电子布居数,使绿光发射减弱;同时增加了4I13/2上的电子布居数,使红光和近红外发射增强。40nm样品的1.5μm发射主峰强度是体材料的1.6倍,这一结果对纳米发光材料的实际应用是很有意义的。     

火灾烟颗粒分形模型和球形模型光散射的比较研究

对烟颗粒的光散射进行模拟计算是研究火灾烟颗粒光散射特性的重要手段,目前对于火灾烟颗粒光散射的数值计算多采用球形或椭球模型.实际上,火灾烟颗粒的形貌与球形和椭球均存在着显著差异.扫描电子显微镜图像表明,烟颗粒具有近似分形的结构.本文利用离散偶极近似方法计算了随机取向的火灾烟颗粒分形凝团以及同体积的球形颗粒的光散射Muller矩阵,并对两者的归一化Muller矩阵元素随散射角的分布进行了比较.研究表明:火灾烟颗粒分形模型和球形模型的归一化矩阵元素F₁₁(θ)/