Stabilities and Biological Activities of Vanadium Drugs: What is the Nature of the Active Species?

Diverse biological activities of vanadium(V) drugs mainly arise from their abilities to inhibit phosphatase enzymes and to alter cell signaling. Initial interest focused on anti‐diabetic activities but has shifted to anti‐cancer and anti‐parasitic drugs. V‐based anti‐diabetics are pro‐drugs that release active components (e.g., H₂VO₄⁻) in biological media. By contrast, V anti‐cancer drugs are generally assumed to enter cells intact; however, speciation studies indicate that nearly all drugs are likely to react in cell culture media during in vitro assays and the same would apply in vivo. The biological activities are due to V^V and/or V^IV reaction products with cell culture media, or the release of ligands (e.g., aromatic diimines, 8‐hydroxyquinolines or thiosemicarbazones) that bind to essential metal ions in the media. Careful consideration of the stability and speciation of V complexes in cell culture media and in biological fluids is essential to design targeted V‐based anti‐cancer therapies.     

2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基促进的钒基催化剂催化苯直接氧化制苯酚

以钒基化合物为催化剂,在TEMPO(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基)存在下,能形成快速催化分子氧氧化苯制苯酚的催化体系.在反应过程中,由类似芬顿试剂反应过程生成的羟基自由基亲核进攻苯环,形成羟基环己二烯自由基;该羟基氢可在TEMPO存在的催化体系中消除,同时苯环氢可立即转移至氧原子而生成苯酚.在以[(CH3)...     

担载钒氧化物催化剂对丙烷选择氧化性能

用等体积浸渍法制备了SBA-15担载的钒基氧化物催化剂,使用X射线衍射（XRD）分析、氮气吸附、紫外激光拉曼、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱和紫外-可见漫反射（UV-Vis DRS）光谱对催化剂的结构进行了表征,并评价了催化剂对丙烷选择氧化的活性与选择性.实验结果表明SBA-15载体对丙烷选择氧化的活性优于常规的SiO₂载体.SBA-15担载的低载量催化剂是高分散的催化剂体系,在低钒载量（n（V）/n（Si）<2.5%）时,催化剂具有规则的六方介孔结构.低钒载量（n（V）/n（Si）<0.1%）时,隔离四配位的钒氧化物是丙烷选择氧化生成醛类化合物的活性物种;高钒载量（n（V）/n（Si）>2.5%）时,聚合六配位的钒氧化物和微晶钒氧化物是丙烷脱氢或深度氧化的活性物种.     

Effect of tellurium promoter on vanadium phosphate catalyst for partial oxidation of n-butane

Te-promoted (1%) vanadium phosphate catalyst (VPDTe) was prepared via VOPO4·2H2O by calcining its precursor VOHPO4·0.5H2O in a flow of n-butane/air.VPDTe catalyst has resulted a higher existence of V5+ phase with V5+/V4+ ratio of 0.23.SEM micrographs show that Te addition altered the arrangement of the platelets from "rose-like" clusters to layer with irregular shape.Te addition has also markedly lowered the reduction activation energies of the vanadium phosphate catalyst as revealed by TPR profile.The amount of active oxygen species associated with V4+ phase of the Te promoted catalyst was significantly higher than those of the unpromoted catalyst.These observations suggest that high mobility and availability of reactive oxygen species contributed to the enhancement of n-butane conversion up to 80% at 673 K,while only 47% over unpromoted catalyst (2400 h-1,1.7% n-butane in air).     

ICP-OES测定钒矿石中五氧化二钒的测量不确定度评定

介绍了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定钒矿石中五氧化二钒测重不确定度的评定万法.建立了测量过程中各不确定度分量的数学模型,对不确定度来源进行了分析,并对不确定度分量进行量化.当钒矿石中五氧化二钒含量为0.419％时,其扩展不确定度为0.0070％(k=2).     

High-rate cathode based on Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite material prepared via a glycine-assisted sol–gel method

Carbon-coated monoclinic Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ (LVP/C) cathode material has been successfully prepared by a novel glycine-assisted sol–gel method. The product is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and electrochemical method. In the range of 3.0–4.3 V, the LVP/C electrode presents excellent rate capability. It is 125.4 mAh g^{− 1} that can be delivered at 1 C charge–discharge rate and 99.5 mAh g^{− 1} is still obtained at 20 C charge–discharge rate. These results demonstrate that the carbon-coated LVP/C composite material prepared via a glycine-assisted sol–gel method has great potential for use in high-power lithium ion batteries.     

Fischer–Tropsch Chemistry at Room Temperature?

The unique catalytic activity of vanadium nitrogenase suggests a new direction for the direct production of biofuels from CO with either synthetic catalysts or nitrogenase-containing bacteria. The reduction of CO by V?nitrogenase to light hydrocarbons shows striking similarities to the established Fischer-Tropsch process; however, the enzyme does not use H(2) directly for this reaction. ADP=adenosine diphosphate, ATP= adenosine triphosphate.