2009Pittcon会议(Ⅱ)

传感器与传感整合系统组的报告有:(1)Ashvarev,应用脉冲电极作离子选择电极的无偏压选择性测定;(2)R de Marco,离子选择性原子X显微术--一种新的材料鉴定技术;(3)S P Kounares,应用离子选择性电极分析火星表面;(4)M DPietrazak,以Rh(Ⅲ)络合物为基础的选择性测定NO2-的电化与学光传感器;(5)E Baker,聚合物膜离子传感器的电化激发;(6)A Raclu,应用电化阻抗谱探测离子选择膜的功能性质与程度;(7)MGratzl,在活体民试管中进行以光极为基础的银传感器试验,应用于型小实验室中的动物代谢监测.     

肉桂酸修饰电极同时测定多巴胺和抗坏血酸的研究

用电化学聚合方法制备肉桂酸(CA)修饰的玻碳电极(PCA/GC),研究多巴胺(DA)和抗坏血酸(AA)在修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明,在DA和AA共存体系中,DA、AA在PCA/GC电极上氧化峰电流增大且氧化峰电位相差200 mV,据此可同时检测DA和AA.在pH 7.0磷酸盐缓冲液中,DA和AA的氧化峰电流与其浓...     

热处理对二氧化锰电化学行为的影响

以高锰酸钾和醋酸锰为前驱体, 通过液相沉淀法合成得到二氧化锰. 在不同温度热处理条件下研究二氧化锰的结构转变及其作为超级电容器电极材料的电化学行为. 采用X射线衍射(XRD), 扫描电镜(SEM), 氮气物理吸附和热重(TG)等手段表征产物的结构特点; 采用循环伏安和恒流充放电等方法表征其电化学行为. 结果表明: 合成的二氧化锰是具有中孔特征的α-MnO₂, 比表面积为253 m²·g^-1, 颗粒尺寸在50-100 nm之间. 350 °C以下的低温热处理使氧化锰仍能保持α-MnO₂的晶体结构, 比表面积为170 m²·g^-1左右, 单电极比电容值由原来未热解时的267 F·g^-1增加到250 °C热处理后的286 F·g^-1. 高温热处理(>450 °C)导致氧化锰逐渐过渡为α-Mn₂O₃, 且表面积下降约为30 m²·g^-1, 比电容急剧下降. 低温热处理后氧化锰的电化学稳定性明显提高, 在50 mV·s^-1的快速扫描速率下, 电极具有良好的倍率特性.     

金纳米粒子组装体系中偶联单分子层膜结构的SERS光谱表征与分析

通过分子自组装方法制备4,4′-二硫联吡啶(PySSPy)单分子膜修饰的金电极. 利用所形成的对巯基吡啶自组装单分子膜(SAMs)作为偶联层进行金纳米粒子有序膜的组装. 对该纳米粒子组装体系进行Raman光谱测定, 得到了具有良好信噪比的对巯基吡啶单分子膜的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱. 在此基础上, 进一步采用电化学现场SERS光谱技术研究了该纳米粒子组装体系的SERS光谱随电位变化的规律. 在该体系稳定的电位范围内表征对巯基吡啶单分子膜的特征谱峰1011与1093 cm^-1、1575与1610 cm^-1以及1206与1215 cm^-1这三对谱峰其强度随着所施加电位的改变呈现出明显的规律性. 分析表明, 偶联单分子层中吡啶环芳香性随着所施加电位的改变而有规律地变化是SERS光谱特征改变的内在原因.     

辣根过氧化物酶/多壁碳纳米管修饰铂电极生物传感器用于过氧化氢的循环伏安测定

将1mg多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT's)分散在5mL的0.5g·L~(-1)壳聚糖溶液中后,滴涂在铂电极表面,制得多壁碳纳米管修饰电极。将上述修饰电极在辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)溶液中浸泡8h,在MWCNT's修饰电极表面静电吸附辣根过氧化物酶,制成过氧化氢生物传感器,用于过氧化氢的测定。试验结果表明:在pH 6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,HRP/MWCNT's修饰电极对过氧化氢具有明显的电催化还原作用,过氧化氢的浓度在3.5×10~(-5)～9.0×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1)范围内与其还原峰电流呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为2.4×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)。用标准加入法作回收试验,回收率在96.0%～101.8%之间。     

单壁碳纳米管Nafion复合膜修饰玻碳电极用于示差脉冲伏安法测定多巴胺

将单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT′s)分散在5%(质量分数)的Nafion溶液中并滴涂在玻碳电极表面,红外灯烘干后,制得了SWCNT′s/Nafion修饰电极。采用循环伏安法研究了多巴胺在修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,多巴胺在该修饰电极上出现了一对氧化还原峰,其氧化峰峰电位(Epa)为0.408 V(对Ag/AgCl电极,下同),还原峰峰电位(Epc)为0.335 V,且其峰电流与裸玻碳电极比较增大50倍。据此提出了用示差脉冲伏安法测定多巴胺的方法。多巴胺的浓度在120μmol.L-1以内与对应的氧化峰电流呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.2μmol.L-1。修饰电极用于多巴胺注射液中多巴胺的测定,测定值与标示值相符,加标回收率在96.2%～101.0%之间。     

三聚氰胺修饰玻碳电极用于溶出伏安法测定水样中痕量银

用电化学沉积法将三聚氰胺修饰在玻碳电极上,应用此三聚氰胺修饰玻碳电极测定银时,试液在pH 4.6的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,在—0.45V处还原60 s,然后在0～+0.6V范围内扫描,使银离子从修饰电极上溶出,实现了水样中银离子的溶出伏安法测定,在+0.27V处可得银离子的氧化峰电位,银的浓度在6.0×10~(-9)～5.0×10~(-7)mol·L~(-1)范围内与其峰电流呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为1.0×10~(-9)mol·L~(-1)。方法用于实际水样中痕量银的测定,加标回收率在90.0%～96.0%之间。     

多壁碳纳米管-酰基吡唑啉酮复合膜修饰电极测定异烟肼

报道了一种修饰电极--多壁碳纳米管-酰基吡唑啉酮复合膜修饰玻碳电极(MWNTs/HPMαFP/GCE ),研究了异烟肼在此修饰电极上的电化学行为及反应机理.与裸GCE和MWNTs/GCE相比,异烟肼在MWNTs/HPMαFP/GCE上的氧化峰电流和检测灵敏度大大提高,表明多壁碳纳米管和酰基吡唑啉酮产生了协同增效作用.在...     

面向脑机接口的犹他神经电极技术

A human brain is composed of a large number of interconnected neurons forming a neural network. To study the functional mechanism of the neural network, it is necessary to record the activity of individual neurons over a large area simultaneously. Brain-computer interface (BCI) refers to the connection established between the human/animal brain and computers/other electronic devices, which enables direct interaction between the brain and external devices. It plays an important role in understanding, protecting, and simulating the brain, especially in helping patients with neurological disorders to restore their impaired motor and sensory functions. Neural electrodes are electrophysiological devices that form the core of BCI, which convert neuronal electrical signals (carried by ions) into general electrical signals (carried by electrons). They can record or interfere with the state of neural activity. The Utah Electrode Array (UEA) designed by the University of Utah is a mainstream neural electrode fabricated by bulk micromachining. Its unique three-dimensional needle-like structure enables each electrode to obtain high spatiotemporal resolution and good insulation between each other. After implantation, the tip of each electrode affects only a small group of neurons around it even allowing to record the action potential of a single neuron. The availability of a large number of electrodes, high quality of signals, and long service life has made UEA the first choice for collecting neuronal signals. Moreover, UEA is the only implantable neural electrode that can record signals in the human cerebral cortex. This article mainly serves as an introduction to the construction, manufacturing process, and functioning of UEA, with a focus on the research progress in fabricating high-density electrode arrays, wireless neural interfaces, and optrode arrays using silicon, glass, and metal as that material of construction. We also discuss the surface modification techniques that can be used to reduce the electrode impedance, minimize the rejection by brain tissue, and improve the corrosion resistance of the electrode. In addition, we summarize the clinical applications where patients can control external devices and get sensory feedback by implanting UEA. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges faced by existing electrodes such as the difficulty in increasing electrode density, poor response of integrated wireless neural interface, and the problems of biocompatibility. To achieve stability and durability of the electrode, advancements in both material science and manufacturing technology are required. We hope that this review can broaden the scope of ideas for the development of UEA. The realization of a fully implantable neural microsystem can contribute to an improved understanding of the functional mechanisms of the neural network and treatment of neurological diseases.     

聚对氨基苯磺酸/石墨烯电化学修饰电极检测药物中氧氟沙星

基于石墨烯纳米材料和循环伏安法技术制备了聚对氨基苯磺酸/石墨烯修饰电极并研究了氧氟沙星(OFL)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了一种简单快速灵敏测定氧氟沙星的电化学分析方法。 结果表明,与玻碳电极相比,对氨基苯磺酸/石墨烯电化学修饰电极能显著提高氧氟沙星的峰电流。 在优化条件下,其检测线性范围为1~600 μmol/L,最低检测限为(S/N=3)0.33μmol/L。 该修饰电极具有较好的重现性和稳定性,用于实际样品氧氟沙星滴眼液的测定,效果良好。