Prediction of the attenuation of a filtered custom earplug

A method has been developed to predict the attenuation of an earplug when filtered by passive resistive elements (dampers). The method is based on the assumption that sound transmission paths traveling through the damper element and through the earplug are independent, hence their respective sound energies simply add to each other. This hypothesis was validated with measurements on both an acoustical test fixture and on human subjects, using a commercially available expandable custom earplug. This earplug features a sound-bore that can either be used for an F-MIRE (Field microphone-in-real-ear) attenuation measurement or be fitted with a damper in order to adapt the amount of attenuation to the wearer’s needs. The uncertainty associated with the proposed prediction method was formulated and quantified using REAT and F-MIRE attenuation measurements on human subjects. An initial experimental verification of the prediction method, on a limited number of subjects, has been successfully completed.     

双道原子荧光光谱法同时测定土壤中的砷和汞

建立了同时测定土壤中砷和汞的原子荧光光谱法。样品的相对标准偏差 As为 3.94 % ,Hg为 5 .0 0 % ,回收率在 90 %— 93%之间 ,对砷、汞的检出限分别为 0 .18μg/L和 0 .0 5 7μg/L。本法操作简便、快速、灵敏度高。     

HG-ICP-MS同时测定生物样品中痕量As,Se,Hg

以HNO3为介质,采用自行研制的二级气液分离器代替易消耗的膜分离器,在优化的实验条件下,采用HG-ICP-MS实现了As,Se,Hg的同时测定,分别获得了0.022,0.016,0.009 ngmL的检出限。实验研究了二级气液分离器中的气液分离行为、样品酸度、NaBH4质量浓度和引入方式等因素对测定灵敏度和精密度的影响。实验的结果表明,HG-ICP-MS同时测定As,Se,Hg的主要干扰来自于Fe,cu等过渡金属离子,样品溶液中抗坏血酸-硫脲的加入可以掩蔽这些离子的干扰。利用所建立的方法测定了人发、灌木叶和大米粉标样中痕量的As,Se,Hg,结果与标准参考值相符。     

4-(邻甲基苯氨基重氮基)-4'-硝基偶氮苯的合成及其与汞(Ⅱ)的显色反应

合成了一种新三氮烯试剂4-(邻甲基苯氨基重氮基)-4'-硝基偶氮苯(OMADNA), 并研究了其物化性质及与Hg(Ⅱ) 的显色反应. 结果表明, 在乳化剂OP存在下, 在pH 10.2的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲介质中, Hg(Ⅱ)与该试剂形成稳定的桔红色络合物, 最大吸收波长位于570 nm, 表观摩尔吸光系数为1.42×105 L·mol-1·cm-1, Hg(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在0～0.9 μg/mL范围内服从比耳定律. 所拟方法用于环境水样中微量Hg(Ⅱ)的直接测定, 结果与双硫腙法一致.     

Ion-imprinted polymethacrylic microbeads as new sorbent for preconcentration and speciation of mercury

Metal ion-imprinted polymer particles have been prepared by copolymerization of methacrylic acid as monomer, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as cross-linking agent and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator, in the presence of Hg(II)-1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol complex. The separation and preconcentration characteristics of the Hg-ion-imprinted microbeads for inorganic mercury have been investigated by batch procedure. The optimal pH value for the quantitative sorption is 7. The adsorbed inorganic mercury is easily eluted by 2 mL 4 M HNO₃. The adsorption capacity of the newly synthesized Hg ion-imprinted microbeads is 32.0 μmol g⁻¹ for dry copolymer. The selectivity of the copolymer toward inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) ion is confirmed through the comparison of the competitive adsorptions of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Zn(II)) and high values of the selectivity and distribution coefficients have been calculated. Experiments performed for selective determination of inorganic mercury in mineral and sea waters showed that the interfering matrix does not influence the extraction efficiency of Hg ion-imprinted microbeads. The detection limit for inorganic mercury is 0.006 μg L⁻¹ (3σ), determined by cold vapor atomic adsorption spectrometry. The relative standard deviation varied in the range 5-9 % at 0.02-1 μg L⁻¹ Hg levels. The new Hg-ion-imprinted microbeads have been tested and applied for the speciation of Hg in river and mineral waters: inorganic mercury has been determined selectively in nondigested sample, while total mercury e.g. sum of inorganic and methylmercury, has been determined in digested sample.     

Surface phase diagram and temperature induced phase transitions of Sn/Cu(1 0 0)

Room temperature deposition of Sn on Cu(1 0 0) gives rise to a rich variety of surface reconstructions in the submonolayer coverage range. In this work, we report a detailed investigation on the phases appearing and their temperature stability range by using low-energy electron diffraction and surface X-ray diffraction. Previously reported reconstructions in the submonolayer range are p(2 × 2) (for 0.2 ML), p(2 × 6) (for 0.33 ML), ()R45° (for 0.5 ML), and c(4 × 4) (for 0.65 ML). We find a new phase with a structure for a coverage of 0.45 ML. Furthermore, we analyze the temperature stability of all phases. We find that two phases exhibit a temperature induced reversible phase transition: the ()R45° phase becomes ()R45° phase above 360 K, and the new phase becomes p(2 × 2) also above 360 K. The origin of these two-phase transitions is discussed.     

三乙烯四胺修饰啤酒废酵母吸附Hg（Ⅱ）的性能

将三乙烯四胺修饰到戊二醛交联的啤酒废酵母菌表面,合成了一种新的生物吸附剂。 研究了它吸附Hg(Ⅱ)的性能及影响吸附行为的因素。 结果表明,修饰啤酒废酵母菌吸附Hg(Ⅱ)的适宜条件是:2.5 ℃,吸附溶液的pH=2.8,吸附平衡时间20 min,对汞的吸附容量为132.6 mg/g,是未修饰菌的6.3倍。 该法静态处理含汞模拟废水(4.9~17.5 mg/L),汞去除率可达100%。 吸附动力学用准二级方程拟合,相关系数R2=0.999 9。 判定Langmuir模型更适合描述吸附Hg(Ⅱ)的过程,表明是单分子层吸附。     

原子荧光光谱法对果园土壤中砷和汞空间分布特征的研究

利用王水消解—双道原子荧光光谱法测定了山东省苹果主产区栖霞市果园土壤中的As和Hg含量,验证了检测方法的检出限、准确度与精密度,分析了栖霞市果园土壤中重金属As和Hg的空间分布特征,并对栖霞市果园土壤中As和Hg的污染状况进行评价。结果表明：栖霞市果园土壤中As的含量范围为2.79～20.93 mg·kg-1,平均值为10.59 mg·kg-1,而Hg的含量范围为0.01～0.79 mg·kg-1,平均值为0.12 mg·kg-1。As元素在土壤中变异较小,而Hg元素在土壤中变异较大。频数分布图显示,土壤中As元素含量基本符合正态分布,含量大多在7～15 mg·kg-1之间,土壤中Hg元素含量不符合正态分布,含量大多在0.03～ 0.21 mg·kg-1之间。土壤As和Hg含量与土壤各养分指标之间的相关性均不显著,且土壤中As和Hg两种元素之间亦无显著的相关关系。以国家绿色食品产地环境质量标准为评价依据,栖霞市果园土壤As含量处于无污染的清洁水平,而土壤Hg的污染指数大于1的样点占总数的4.76%,需要引起管理者的注意。     

Distorted square-based pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal geometries in a mercury (II) coordination compound containing 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine ligand

The new complex of [Hg(2-AMPy)₂Cl]₂.HgCl₄ (1) was synthesized from the reaction of HgCl₂ with 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (2-AMPy) in methanolic solution. Suitable crystal of compound 1 for diffraction experiment was obtained by slow evaporation from dimethyl sulfoxide. Resulted complex was characterized by infrared, elemental analysis, thermal analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the cationic part of this compound, two five-coordinated mercury centers have two different geometries, including distorted square-based pyramidal geometry by the trigonality index, τ₅, of 0.23 and trigonal bipyramidal geometries by the trigonality index, τ₅, of 0.57.     

Interaction behavior study of HCl on (ZnS)n (n = 1–12) clusters and HCl effect on Hg0 adsorption

The interaction behavior of HCl and (ZnS)_n (n = 1–12) clusters and HCl effect on Hg⁰ adsorbed by (ZnS)_n have been studied theoretically. The combined genetic algorithm and density functional theory (GA-DFT) method has been used to obtain the structures of (ZnS)_nHCl and (ZnS)_nHgHCl (n = 1–12) clusters. The structural properties of (ZnS)_nHCl and (ZnS)_nHgHCl have been analyzed. The adsorption energies and interaction energies have been calculated. Bond length and bond order analysis has revealed that S H and Zn Cl bonds form after HCl adsorbed on (ZnS)_n clusters, while Hg⁰ can only weakly bind with (ZnS)_nHCl clusters. According to thermodynamic adsorption analysis, the formation of (ZnS)_nHCl clusters from (ZnS)_n and HCl are spontaneous because of their negative Gibbs free energy changes. The formation of (ZnS)_nHgHCl from (ZnS)_nHCl and Hg are nonspontaneous for n = 1–4 and 9, and the Gibbs free energy changes have small negative values for other sizes. Electron localization function and noncovalent interaction (NCI) analysis of (ZnS)₁₀HgHCl manifest that Hg and its nearest Zn form zinc amalgam. Projected density of state study has been performed to obtain the interaction nature of HCl and (ZnS)_n clusters and Hg⁰ adsorption on (ZnS)_nHCl clusters. Based on our study, HCl is chemical adsorbed by (ZnS)_n clusters except (ZnS)₄ cluster. After (ZnS)_n adsorbs HCl, Hg⁰ can physically adsorb on (ZnS)_nHCl clusters. The strength of Hg⁰ on (ZnS)_nHCl is comparable to that of Hg⁰ on (ZnS)_n, indicating that HCl can hardly affect the adsorption of Hg⁰ on ZnS clusters.