湍流模型对风力机叶片气动性能预估的影响

本文采用计算流体力学软件Fluent,选取单方程Spalart-Allmaras模型、两方程低雷诺数k-ε模型和SSTk-ω模型等不同湍流模型,对NREL Phase VI风洞测试风力机的无偏航工况进行CFD模拟.通过将数值计算结果与相应的实验数据进行比较,发现在叶片表面为附着流时三种湍流模型数值模拟的结果都与实验数据吻合得很好,而在失速情况下两方程湍流模型的表现要优于单方程模型,其中以SST k-ω模型对截面压力分布、转矩等的预测更加准确.     

叶片式混输泵内气液两相流的数值计算

气液两相流的数值模拟是多相混输技术研究中的一个难点.本文假定混输泵叶轮内为泡状流动,基于雷诺时均N-S方程和气液两相双流体模型,采用SIMPLEC算法,对叶片式混输泵叶轮内部两相三维紊流流场进行了数值计算,分析了水气混合工况下的流场分布特点.对含气率GVF=15%工况下的扬程特性进行了预测并与试验结果进行对比.数值计算结果表明,混输泵叶轮流道采用较小的径向尺寸差能较好地避免离心力所引起的气液分离,防止气堵现象的发生;叶轮进口部分存在的低压旋涡区容易使气体积聚,因此有必要进一步改进叶轮进口区的水力设计.     

数值模拟不等距叶片对贯流风机的影响

贯流风机的通过频率(BPF)是其重要的噪声频率.降低BPF噪声可以降低基频处的声压级,其中一种方法是采用不等距叶片.本文采用3种叶片距分布形式,采用realizable k-ε两方程和大涡模拟(LES)湍流模型模拟了风机的内流场,计算线性欧拉方程(LEE)中声源项得到声源位置及强度,采用基于Lighthill声类比的FW-H积分方程获得了叶轮和蜗舌处偶极子型的离散噪声频谱.比较了不同叶片距对风机性能,噪声特别是BPF噪声的影响.计算结果表明在对性能影响较小的情况下,不等距叶轮可降低BPF噪声和总A声级噪声.     

A study on shielding gas contamination in laser welding of non-ferrous alloys

Laser welding of non-ferrous alloys is a high-productivity and cost-effective joining technology, which gained an undoubted interest especially in aerospace, chemical and medical industry, where high strength and corrosion resistant mechanical parts are required. Unfortunately some of the most used non-ferrous alloys are highly reactive with respect to the components of the environmental atmosphere: oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and humidity. This reactivity leads to the formation of porosities and to oxides and nitrides inclusion, which are responsible for a decrease of ductility and strength in welded joints.According to this a good shielding technique of the weld pool is of primary importance in order to obtain sound beads and reliable manufacturings. This paper deals with the opportunity of simulating the shielding gas behavior by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics software in order to understand the relationship among the outlet position, the shielding gas type and its flow rate.A simulation activity was carried out in order to evaluate the behavior of shielding gas concentration surrounding the weld pool. The simulated welding environment was simplified without considering the presence and the effect of the plasma plume. The main results concern the shielding gas contamination prediction with respect to the distance from the beam-material interaction zone.     

循环流化床生物质气化炉内计算流体动力学模拟——鼓泡流化床内改进的颗粒床模型（英文）

采用改进颗粒床模型的CFD方法模拟了实验室规模冷模装置内鼓泡床的流体流动时空特性。模拟结果表明表观气速是影响气固动态特征和压力波动的主要因素之一：随表观气速的增大，气泡数目增加，气泡体积增大，压力波动增强；气速越高时均压降越大；在内循环鼓泡流化床内固体颗粒呈“单室”流型。上述与实验观察相吻合的模拟结果将有助于放大和设计商业化的内循环流化床生物质气化炉。     

Simulation of Nanoparticle Production in Premixed Aerosol Flow Reactors by Interfacing Fluid Mechanics and Particle Dynamics

The interaction of fluid mechanics and particle dynamics at the very early stages of flame synthesis largely affects the characteristics of the product powder. Detailed simulations provide a better understanding of these processes, which take place in a few milliseconds, and offer the possibility to influence the product characteristics by intelligent selection of the process parameters. The present paper reports on the simulation of titania powder formation by TiCl₄ oxidation in an aerosol flow reactor. A commercially available fluid mechanics code is used for the detailed calculation of the fluid flow and the chemical reaction at non-isothermal conditions. This code is then interfaced with a model for aggregate particle dynamics neglecting the spread of the particle size distribution. The simulation shows the onset of the particle formation in the reactor and calculates the dynamic evolution of the aggregate particle size, number of primary particles per aggregate and the specific surface area throughout the reactor. The presented, newly developed calculation technique allows for the first time the simulation of particle formation processes under the authentic, complex conditions as found in actual aerosol reactors.     

On the escape process during phase inversion of an emulsion

This paper deals with a phenomenon which plays an important role in the phase inversion process of emulsions. This process is governed by the interplay of coalescence of droplets, often leading to double emulsions, and the escape of those internal droplets. The latter process retards the inversion process. Coalescence has been the subject of many studies, contrary to the escape event. This paper addresses the escape process both theoretically and experimentally. The model developed analyses the rate of the escape of internal droplets from the mother droplet via a coalescence process, where the internal flow, as generated by the external flow, generates the viscous force for coalescence. Incomplete mixing in the droplet has been assumed. Experimental data on the escape rate of oil droplets from O/W/O emulsions have been analysed using a Computational Fluid Dynamics approach, where the model as indicated above has been incorporated. Experimental data and simulations compare very well. Data have been compared on varying the size of the inner droplets and the rotational speed of the vessel where the double emulsion has been formed and where the escape took place.     

Scale resolving simulations of a high-temperature turbulent jet in a cold crossflow: Comparison of two approaches

A high-temperature turbulent jet in a cold crossflow is investigated with the help of two scale-resolving simulation approaches. This work aims at improving the methodologies used to predict the thermal footprint of exhaust gases issuing from helicopter engines onto the fuselage. Specific attention is brought to the capability of scale resolving simulations to correctly reproduce flow dynamics and turbulent mixing. Mean flow features, turbulent quantities and temperature fields are compared and validated against wind tunnel test measurements. In addition, the present work highlights the importance of synthetic turbulence injection at pipe inlet to obtain a fair prediction of both flow dynamics and temperature field.     

Predicting initial erosion during the hole erosion test by using turbulent flow CFD simulation

CFD simulation with enhanced modeling of turbulence and near-wall treatment is used to model water–clay mixtures flowing through a cylindrical pipe domain. Effects on the wall-shear stress resulting from varying water clay content and applied hydraulic gradient are analyzed. Various parametric studies were performed and had shown that the two-dimensional modelling introduced in the present study does not yield a uniform wall-shear stress along the pipe wall and that clay concentration affects significantly the wall-shear stress value. This is in contrast with the common hypothesis used in one-dimensional modeling approaches where this stress is assumed constant and which gives rise to uniform erosion along the pipe wall. The obtained results had enabled predicting more realistically erosion amount and had allowed for understanding the irregular eroded hole wall shape as observed experimentally after performing the standard hole erosion test.