纳米管结构聚苯胺的电阻率和磁化率

研究了用自组装法制备的质子酸掺杂的纳米管结构聚苯胺的电阻率(ρ)和磁化率随温度变化的依赖关系，讨论了质子酸掺杂浓度、不同对阴离子以及苯胺单体与质子酸聚合时反应浓度对纳米管结构聚苯胺电学性质的影响.实验结果表明，lnρ和T-1/2呈线性关系，不同对阴离子对聚苯胺的电阻率影响很大，随着质子酸掺杂浓度以及苯胺单体与质子酸聚合时反应浓度的增大，聚苯胺的电阻率明显减小；而且，其磁化率可以表示为与温度无关的泡利顺磁性和符合居里定律的顺磁性之和.     

Electrical conductivity of individual polypyrrole microtube

Conducting microtubes (0.4－0.5μm in outer diameter) made of polypyrrole (PPy) doped with p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) were synthesized by a self-assembly method. We report the electrical conductivity of an individual PPy microtube, on which a pair of platinum micro-leads was fabricated by focused ion beam deposition. The measured room-temperature conductivity of the individual PPy microtube was 0.29S/cm, which is comparable to that of template-synthesized PPy micro/nanotubes. The temperature dependence of conductivity of the individual microtube follows the three-dimensional variable-range hopping (3D VRH) model.     

Polymer nanofibers prepared by low-voltage near-field electrospinning

Electrospinning is a straightforward method to produce micro/nanoscale fibers from polymer solutions typically using an operating voltage of 10 kV–30 kV and spinning distance of 10 cm–20 cm. In this paper, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) non-woven nanofibers with diameters of 200 nm–900 nm were prepared by low-voltage near-field electrospinning with a working voltage of less than 2.8 kV and a spinning distance of less than 10 mm. Besides the uniform fibers, beaded-fibers were also fabricated and the formation mechanism was discussed. Particularly, a series of experiments were carried out to explore the influence of processing variables on the formation of near-field electrospun PVP nanofibers, including concentration, humidity, collecting position, and spinning distance.     

聚苯胺的低温比热研究

测量了聚苯胺的中间氧化态以及掺杂盐酸后的样品在1.8至45K范围内的比热，比热数据可以用非晶态和晶态两部分的贡献来解释.利用声子-分形子模型成功地解释了低温下比热高于德拜理论趋势的反常现象.从本文的实验数据来看，没有观察到电子对比热容的贡献. 关键词： 低温比热 聚苯胺 分形     

Zn掺杂La2CuO4热电势和磁化率研究

测量了La2CuO4掺Zn样品在不同降温速率下(330K保温05h,然后分别以6Kh,02Ks的速度降到8K)的直流磁化率和热电势.实验结果表明,反铁磁温度TN不随降温速率变化而变化,其直流磁化率也未受很大影响.高温热电势弱的温度依赖关系表明为极化子气体的贡献.热电势在转折温度Tdrop之下的快速降低是由于二维反铁磁涨落的贡献.热电势在更低温度的拐点TS与载流子的局域化有关.降温速率变化时,Tdrop和TS都有明显的变化.Zn掺杂对Tdrop和TS没有明显影响,但导致了更强的载流子局域化.讨论了上述现象产生的物理图像 关键词： La2CuO4 直流磁化率 热电势     

Rectifying effect of heterojunctions between metals and doped conducting polymer nanostructure pellets

This paper reports that the Schottky junctions between low work function metals （e.g. Al and In） and doped semiconducting polymer pellets （e.g. polyaniline （PANI） microsphere pellet and polypyrrole （PPy） nanotube pellet） have been prepared and studied. Since Ag is a high work function metal which can make an ohmic contact with polymer, silver paste was used to fabricate the electrodes. The Al/PANI/Ag heterojunction shows an obvious rectifying effect as shown in I - V characteristic curves （rectifying ratio γ = 5 at ±6 V bias at room temperature）. As compared to the Al/PANI/Ag, the heterojunction between In and PANI （In/PANI/Ag） exhibits a lower rectifying ratio γ= 1.6 at ±2 V bias at room temperature. In addition, rectifying effect was also observed in the heterojunctions Al/PPy/Ag （γ = 3.2 at ±1.6 V bias） and In/PPy/Ag （γ = 1.2 at ±3.0 V bias）. The results were discussed in terms of thermoionic emission theory.     

Electrical resistance response of polyaniline films to water, ethanol, and nitric acid solution

<正>This paper reports on electrical resistance vs.aging time for the response of polyanihne films under exposure to water,ethanol and nitric acid(HNO_3) solution.Camphor sulfonic acid-doped polyanihne films were prepared by a "doping-dedoping-redoping" method,the morphology and microstructures of the films were characterized by a scanning electron microscope and an x-ray diffractometer,the electrical resistance was measured by a four-probe method.It was found that a lower amount of water molecules infiltrating the film can decrease the film's resistance possibly due to an enhancement of charge carrier transfer between polyanihne chains,whereas excessive water molecules can swell inter-chain distances and result in a quick increase of resistance.The resistance of the film under exposure to ethanol increases and becomes much larger than the original value.However,HNO3 solution can decrease the film's resistance sharply possibly owing to doping effect of protonic acid.These results can help to understand the conduction mechanism in polyaniline films,and also indicate that the films have potential application in chemical sensors.     

Electrical Conductivity and Current--Voltage Characteristics of Individual Conducting Polymer PEDOT Nanowires

We report the current-voltage （Ⅰ-Ⅴ） characteristics and electrical conductivity of individual template-synthesized poly（3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene） （PEDOT） nanowires （190 ± 6 nm in diameter and δRT = 11.2 ± 2Ω^-1 cm^-1） over a wide temperature range from 300 to 10K. With lowering temperature, the Ⅰ - Ⅴ characteristics become nonlinear around 50K, and a clear Coulomb gap-like structure appears in the differential conductance （dI/dV） spectra. The temperature dependence of the resistance below 70 K follows In R α T^-1/2, which can be interpreted as Efros-Shklovskii hopping conduction in the presence of a Coulomb gap. In addition, the influences of measurement methods such as the applied bias voltage magnitude, the two-probe and four-probe techniques used in the resistance measurements are also reported and discussed.     

Preparation of Aligned Polymer Micro/Nanofibres by Electrospinning

Polymer micro/nanofibres are prepared by typical and modified methods of electrospinning. The morphologies and microstructures of the electrospun micro/nanofibres are characterized by a scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The micro/nanofibres prepared by the typical electrospinning are usually collected in the form of nonwoven mats lacking of structural orientation, However, by modifying collector（s） of the electrospinning setup, the resulting polymer fibres show aligned structures to some extent. We analyse all the forces that the fibres experienced during electrospinning and find that the electrostatic force originating from the splitting electric field plays a key role in the alignment of the micro/nanofibres.     

Preparation of PSFO and LPSFO nanofibers by electrospinning and their electronic transport and magnetic properties

Pr_0.5Sr_0.5FeO₃ (PSFO) and La_0.25Pr_0.25Sr_0.5FeO₃ (LPSFO) nanofibers are prepared by electrospinning followed by calcination, and their morphologies, microstructures, electronic transports, and magnetic properties are studied systematically. The temperature-dependent resistance curves of PSFO and LPSFO nanofibers are measured in a temperature range from 300 K to 10 K. With the temperature lowering, the resistance increases gradually and then decreases sharply due to the occurrence of ferromagnetic metal phase. The metal-insulator transition temperatures are about 110 K and 180 K for PSFO and LPSFO nanofibers, respectively. The electronic conduction behavior above the transition temperature can be described by one-dimensional Mott's variable-range hopping (VRH) model. The hysteresis loops and the field-cooled (FC) and zero-field-cooled (ZFC) curves show that both PSFO nanofiber and LPSFO nanofiber exhibit ferromagnetism. Although the doping of La reduces the overall magnetization intensity of the material, it increases the ferromagnetic ratio of the system, which may improve the performance of LPSFO in solid oxide fuel cell.