拥挤环境中表面活性剂胶束化过程的低场核磁共振研究

利用长弛豫低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)方法研究了由聚乙二醇(PEG)构建的拥挤溶液环境中表面活性剂的聚集行为。通过Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill(CPMG)脉冲序列所得的回波数据及反演拟合数据对不同的表面活性剂-PEG体系进行分析,结果发现:不同分子量和不同浓度的PEG溶液可用低场核磁共振方法进行区分;高浓度的PEG溶液中均能监测到胶束形成过程,而较低浓度的PEG溶液不利于其胶束化过程监测;NaCl对含有离子型表面活性剂体系的影响较为明显,而对含有非离子型表面活性剂的体系几乎无影响。该研究丰富了低场核磁共振弛豫技术在表面活性剂胶束表征过程中的应用,同时对理解生物体系中分子的自组装及功能也具有重要意义。     

新型冠状病毒S蛋白在金纳米粒子中的表面增强拉曼效应

表面增强拉曼光谱技术因其高灵敏度、操作简单、快速检测等优点,被广泛用于病毒检测方面。国内外的病毒拉曼检测研究主要集中在检测病毒核酸以及组成核酸的各种碱基的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS),但少见对病毒蛋白的SERS检测。以新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的S蛋白为检测对象,采用无标记SERS检测方法,对比SARS-CoV-2固态、饱和液态S蛋白的普通拉曼光谱和选用40 nm金纳米粒子为基底的SARS-CoV-2低浓度S蛋白SERS光谱。结果表明,以40 nm金纳米粒子为基底,采用SERS技术检测SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白是完全可行的。SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白分子中的羧基与金纳米粒子发生了分子增强,氨基与金纳米粒子发生了电磁增强,从而使得SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白拉曼效应得到了增强,并使得峰位发生一定移动。实验获得了较好的SARS-CoV-2低浓度S蛋白SERS光谱,为建立敏感、特异、快速的SARS-CoV-2检测新技术提供了一种方法。     

Biophysical model for high-throughput tumor and epithelial cell co-culture in complex biochemical microenvironments

The in vivo tumor microenvironment is a complex niche that includes heterogeneous physical structures,unique biochemical gradients and multiple cell interactions.Its high-fidelity in vitro reconstruction is of fundamental importance to improve current understandings of cell behavior,efficacy predictions and drug safety.In this study,we have developed a high-throughput biochip with hundreds of composite extracellular matrix(ECM)microchambers to co-culture invasive breast cancer cells(MDA-MB-231-RFP)and normal breast epithelial cells(MCF-10 A-GFP).The composite ECM is composed of type I collagen and Matrigel which provides a heterogeneous microenvironment that is similar to that of in vivo cell growth.Additionally,the growth factors and drug gradients that involve human epidermal growth factor(EGF),discoidin domain receptor 1(DDR1)inhibitor 7 rh and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat allow for the mimicking of the complex in vivo biochemical microenvironment to investigate their effect on the spatial-temporal dynamics of cell growth.Our results demonstrate that the MDA-MB-231-RFP cells and MCF-10 A-GFP cells exhibit different spatial proliferation behaviors under the combination of growth factors and drugs.Basing on the experimental data,we have also developed a cellular automata(CA)model that incorporated drug diffusion to describe the experimental phenomenon,as well as employed Shannon entropy(SE)to explore the effect of the drug diffusion coefficient on the spatial-temporal dynamics of cell growth.The results indicate that the uniform cell growth is related to the drug diffusion coefficient,which reveals that the pore size of the ECM plays a key role in the formation of complex biochemical gradients.Therefore,our integrated,biomimetic and high-throughput co-culture platforms,as well as the computational model can be used as an effective tool for investigating cancer pathogenesis and drug development.     

基于深蓝光激基复合物构筑的OLED植物照明光源

为了得到可应用于植物照明且具有红蓝光谱的有机发光二极管（OLED）,采用两种典型的载流子传输材料,N,N′-二（1-萘基）-N,N′-二苯基-（1,1′-联苯）-4,4′-二胺（NPB）和1,3,5-三（1-苯基-1 H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基）苯基（TPBi）以界面接触或掺杂的方式形成深蓝光激基复合物,并将其与红色磷光材料Ir（DMP-IQ）₂（acac）结合,制备得到符合植物光合作用光谱需求的OLED器件。通过改变器件结构中深蓝光激基复合物和红光发光层之间的间隔层厚度,可调节电致光谱中的蓝/红光强度比例。在以掺杂的方式形成激基复合物的结构基础上,将主体材料（mCP）掺入NPB···TPBi膜中构成三元体系,减少膜中由载流子堆积引起的激子淬灭,在NPB···TPBi···mCP掺杂比例为1···1···3的实验条件下得到2.8 V的开启电压,4528 cd/m²的亮度,3.09 cd/A的电流效率和6.96%的外量子效率。     

复杂曲面构件的超声虚拟声源阵列成像*

利用虚拟声源和合成孔径聚焦相结合的复合成像技术解决复杂曲面构件超声检测图像中的缺陷位置失真问题。首先,在水浸检测条件下利用128阵元线性阵列换能器中采集曲面构件内部缺陷的B扫描数据。通过相邻阵元界面回波时间差构建虚拟声源,并将其定义为声波在水-构件双层界面上的入射点。然后,根据实际阵元-虚拟声源-聚焦目标三者之间的声传播路径,通过合成孔径聚焦技术将各路阵元的接收信号反推至虚拟声源处进行图像的延时叠加重建,最终获得复杂曲面构件中缺陷的超声图像。结果表明,与传统B扫图像和合成孔径聚焦图像相比,虚拟源-合成孔径聚焦图像能够准确呈现复杂曲面构件的表面轮廓,精确表征构件内部的缺陷位置。     

Improved performance of polymer solar cells by using inorganic,organic, and doped cathode buffer layers

The interface between the active layer and the electrode is one of the most critical factors that could affect the device performance of polymer solar cells. In this work, based on the typical poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester(P3HT:PCBM) polymer solar cell, we studied the effect of the cathode buffer layer(CBL) between the top metal electrode and the active layer on the device performance. Several inorganic and organic materials commonly used as the electron injection layer in an organic light-emitting diode(OLED) were employed as the CBL in the P3HT:PCBM polymer solar cells. Our results demonstrate that the inorganic and organic materials like Cs_2CO_3, bathophenanthroline(Bphen), and 8-hydroxyquinolatolithium(Liq) can be used as CBL to efficiently improve the device performance of the P3HT:PCBM polymer solar cells. The P3HT:PCBM devices employed various CBLs possess power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) of 3.0%–3.3%, which are ca. 50% improved compared to that of the device without CBL. Furthermore, by using the doped organic materials Bphen:Cs_2CO_3 and Bphen:Liq as the CBL, the PCE of the P3HT:PCBM device will be further improved to 3.5%, which is ca. 70% higher than that of the device without a CBL and ca. 10% increased compared with that of the devices with a neat inorganic or organic CBL.     

Drop impact on substrates with heterogeneous stiffness

Previous studies of drop impact mainly focus on homogeneous substrates while heterogeneous substrates remain largely unexplored. A convenient preparation strategy of stiff heterogeneous substrates is presented in this work, and the drop impact on such a stiffness-patterned substrate consisting of soft spirals surrounded by a rigid region is systematically investigated. The results show that the splash behavior of a drop on a stiffness-patterned substrate exhibits distinct characteristics from those on a homogeneous substrate. Prompt splash is more likely to occur on the substrate with the greater heterogeneity of stiffness, which is reflected in the lower critical impact velocity. Moreover, the splash velocity of emitted droplet is significantly larger on the heterogeneous substrate than that on a corresponding homogeneous substrate, especially at a higher impact velocity of the drop, indicating a stronger splash intensity on the heterogeneous substrate. The difference in drop splashing between homogeneous substrate and heterogeneous substrate is largely due to the stiffness heterogeneity, rather than the variation of overall stiffness of the substrate. The use of spiral shape provides a feasible solution for introducing stiffness heterogeneity of substrate. This study is conducive to the understanding of drop impact research beyond uniform substrates, reveals the potential of using stiffness-patterned substrates to control splash, and may find useful applications in industries related to drop impact and splash.     

表面增强拉曼光谱技术检测新型冠状病毒刺突蛋白

开发具有高灵敏度、高准确性的新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)快速检测技术对疫情防控具有重要作用。本文利用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术对人体唾液中的痕量SARS-CoV-2病毒刺突蛋白(S蛋白)进行了检测。结果表明,含S蛋白的唾液样本与原始唾液样本的拉曼光谱具有显著区别,含S蛋白的唾液样本谱图中可清晰观察到属于S蛋白的拉曼谱线。该结果为后续SERS技术在SARS-CoV-2病毒快速检测方面的应用奠定了坚实基础。     

两服务商竞争的研发外包知识转移信息披露决策

针对两服务商竞争的研发外包知识转移,考虑两个服务商知识吸收能力、信息获取能力均不同,且信息劣势方不知道信息优势方的知识吸收能力。通过建立以企业为领导者,两个服务商为跟随者的Stackelberg主从博弈模型,研究了企业和信息优势方的知识吸收能力披露决策,以及信息劣势方的信息处理决策,并用算例对结论加以说明。研究表明:仅当知识吸收能力较弱的服务商索取的单位报酬相对较低时,企业应披露信息优势方的知识吸收能力;仅当信息优势方知识吸收能力较弱时,其应披露自身知识吸收能力;信息劣势方应始终遵循信息优势方的信息披露策略;各方信息披露决策对企业和服务商均有不同影响。     

基于深度学习的冠状病毒刺突蛋白拉曼特征峰的理论研究

持续一年的新冠疫情对全球的经济造成了巨大破坏,为了有效控制新冠疫情,快速检测新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是一个急需解决的问题。新冠病毒的刺突蛋白（spikeprotein）是拉曼光谱技术检测新冠病毒的检测点,构建刺突蛋白拉曼特征峰模型对于发展拉曼检测技术快速检测新冠病毒具有重要作用。基于简化的激子模型,利用深度神经网络技术,构建了刺突蛋白的酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ特征峰模型,并结合已知可以感染人类的七种冠状病毒（HCoV-229E,HCoV-HKU1,HCoV-NL63,HCoV-OC43,MERS-CoV,SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2）刺突蛋白的实验结构,分析了七种冠状病毒刺突蛋白酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ特征峰的区别。计算结果表明,七种冠状病毒可以根据毒刺突蛋白的酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ特征峰划分为四个组：SARS-CoV-2,SARS-CoV,MERS-CoV形成一个组;HCoV-HKU1,HCoV-NL63形成一个组;HCoV-229E和HCoV-OC43各自独立形成一个组。相同组的冠状病毒刺突蛋白酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ峰频率较为接近,通过酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ峰的频率较难区分刺突蛋白;不同组的冠状病毒刺突蛋白酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ特征峰差异较大,刺突蛋白可以通过拉曼技术区分开来。该结果为发展拉曼检测技术快速检测新冠病毒提供了定性判断的理论依据。