同位旋非对称核物质状态方程

为了确定同位旋非对称核物质状态方程,利用同位旋有关的量子分子动力学理论计算和寻找实验上对于中能重离子碰撞中核子-核子碰撞截面或者对称势非常灵敏的物理观测量——探针.结果发现了几种分别对于核子-核子碰撞截面或者对称势非常灵敏的物理观测量.并对这些探针的机理进行了仔细研究,对以上研究结果进行小结和讨论,并为今后继续深入研究工作提出展望. 关键词： 对称势 核子-核子碰撞截面 同位旋依赖性 机理     

从能谱中提取核子-核子碰撞截面的信息

用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学(IQMD)模型计算了入射能量在30~200 MeV/u内, 不同中质比的反应系统(76Zn+76Zn, 76Ge+76Ge,76Se+76Se和76Kr+76Kr)碰撞产生的原子核阻止和反应产物能谱。 发现原子核阻止和不同方向的动能比值有很强的关联性,且可以用垂直方向和平行方向的碎片总动能比值的平方根近似地代替原子核阻止,用来提取同位旋相关介质中的核子-核子碰撞截面的信息。在核反应实验中,很容易测量到该物理量, 它是一个较好的探针。 The collision of different neutron/proton ratio, intermediate mass reaction systems(76Zn+76Zn, 76Ge+76Ge,76Se+76Se and 76Kr+76Kr) at the beam energy of 30~200 MeV/u are studied by using isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics(IQMD) model. It is found that there exists a strong relationship between nuclear stopping and the ratio of different direction kinetic energy, and nuclear stopping can be replaced by the square root of the ratio of perpendicular and parallel total kinetic energy of fragments, and it can be used to extract information of isospin dependent in medium nucleon nucleon cross section. This physical quantity can be easily measured in nuclear reaction experiments, and it is a better probe.     

Synthesis,Spectroscopic Properties and Crystal Structure of (C4N2H12)2Zr(C2O4)4·H2O

The title compound (C4N2H12)2Zr(C2O4)4·H2O 1 was synthesized by the reaction of ZrOCl2·8H2O, H2C2O4·2H2O and piperazinium in aqueous solution. Single-crystal X-ray analysis has revealed that compound 1 (C16H26N4O17Zr, Mr = 637.63) crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 9.0425(3), b = 13.3844(3), c = 19.1191(5)A, β = 98.365(1)o, V = 2289.34(11) A3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.850 g/cm3, F(000) = 1304, μ = 0.577 mm-1, the final R = 0.0240 and wR = 0.0628 for 4386 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). X-ray crystal-structure analysis suggests that compound 1 consists of [Zr(C2O4)4]4- anion and two protonated piperazinium cations. The anions are linked through hydrogen bonds of piperazinium. FT-IR and Raman spectra clearly show the existence of oxalate groups in the crystal lattice.     

贝叶斯深度神经网络对于核质量预测的研究

采用贝叶斯深度神经网络对液滴模型进行优化改进,并运用KL (Kullback-Leibler)散度与变分推断的方法使得模型便于实现.以最新的原子核数据(AME2020)中2457个有精确值的原子核(Z≥8和N≥8)作为总数据集,随机选取其中80%的数据为训练集用于模型训练,通过预测余下的20%进行模型验证.最终两个数据集的误差均方根(RMS)基本相等,而且全部数据的RMS从2.9894 Me V降到0.5695 Me V,下降了80%,呈现出较好的结果.此模型进行了输入参数上的改进(区域限定策略),使得未知核(Z=118—126)可以被限定在一个固定的区域内,从而提高了预测的准确性.为了验证这一性质,对实验数据(Z=100—117)进行了预测计算,结果也与实验值符合得很好.最后使用该方案对未知元素Z=118—126进行了预测,为以后寻找新元素提供了新思路.     

重离子碰撞中原子核阻止的同位旋效应

利用含有3种对称势形式的同位旋相关的量子分子动力学,研究了中能重离子碰撞中原子核阻止的同位旋效应和随入射道条件的系统演化过程.计算结果表明,原子核阻止灵敏地依赖束流能量、碰撞参数、碰撞系统的质量和核子–核子碰撞截面的同位旋相关性,而3种对称势和碰撞系统的中质比对它的影响不很明显,但在大约费米能量以下能区,原子核阻止同时依赖于介质中核子–核子碰撞截面和对称势.故认为在费米能量以上能区直至150MeV/u,原子核阻止是提取介质中核子–核子碰撞截面的一个新的物理观测量.     

高动量分布对核反应中原子核的阻止本领的影响

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型研究了中能重离子碰撞过程中,具有不同中质比的中等质量核碰撞系统的高动量分布对原子核的阻止本领的影响,以及这种影响随入射能量的演化。研究结果表明:对于76Kr+76Kr,88Kr+88Kr碰撞系统,当入射能量较小时高动量分布对原子核的阻止本领影响很小;但当反应能量较大的时候,高动量分布对原子核的阻止本领影响较大,且这种影响随着入射能量和碰撞核质量的增大而增大。对于Ca同位素链的反应系统,高动量分布增大了反应系统的原子核的阻止本领。因此,高动量分布对中等质量核碰撞系统的原子核的阻止本领有重要影响,且与入射能量和碰撞核质量密切相关。Based on the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model, the effect of high momentum distribution on nuclear stopping in medium mass nuclear collision system is studied with different neutron-proton ratio in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions, and the evolution of this effect with the incident energy. The results show that when the incident energy is small, the high momentum distribution has little effect on the nuclear stopping. However, when the reaction energy is large, the high momentum distribution has a great influence on the nuclear stopping and the influence increases with the increase of incident energy and the mass of collision nucleus. For the Ca isotopes reaction system, high momentum distribution increases the nuclear stopping of the reaction system. Therefore, high momentum distribution has an important influence on nuclear stopping in medium mass nuclear collision system, and closely related to the incident energy and the mass of collision nucleus.     

Isospin effects of the Skyrme potential and the momentum dependent interaction at intermediate energy heavy ion collisions

We improve the isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamical model by including isospin effects in the Skyrme potential and the momentum dependent interaction to obtain an isospin dependent Skyrme potential and an isospin dependent momentum interaction. We investigate the isospin effects of Skyrme potential and momentum dependent interaction on the isospin fractionation ratio and the dynamical mechanism in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. It is found that the isospin dependent Skyrme potential and the isospin dependent momentum interaction produce some important isospin effects in the isospin fractionation ratio.     

核子-核子碰撞截面对同位素标度参数α的同位旋效应

对两对重离子中心碰撞系统40C 40ca和60ca 40Ca以及112Sn 112Sn和124Sn 124Sn反应中就同位素标度参数n对于核子一核子碰撞截面的同位旋效应进行了研究.计算结果表明a对同位旋相关核子.核子碰撞截面amedNN(am)相对于同位旋无关核子一核子碰撞截面口aNN(am)的同位旋效应很明显,然而a对amedNN(am)相对于同化旋无关核子-核子碰撞截面a2nn(am)的同位旋效应是较小的.对以上两种条件下a同位旋效应的机理进行了仔细研究.     

Medium Influence of the Nucleon—Nucleon Cross Section on the Fragmentation

Based on an isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model we studied the influence of a medium correction of an isospin-dependent nucleon-nucleon cross section on the fragmentation at the intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions. We found that the medium correction from an isospin-dependent nucleon-nucleon cross section, at the same time, the momentum-dependent interaction also produces an important role for enhancing the influence of the medium correction on the isospin effect of two-body collisions in the fragmentation process.     

中子晕核结构在引起核碎裂中的特殊作用

基于同位旋相关量子分子动力学模型，研究和对比分析了中子晕核¹¹Li和相等质量稳定核¹¹B在相同入射道条件下引起核碎裂反应中的特征. 由于中子晕核松散的晕中子结构和小的分离能与相等质量稳定核相比具有容易碎裂的特征，因此在较低能区这种松散的晕结构有利于碎裂过程的发生，随入射能量升高，这种晕结构效应逐渐消失. 而且这种在碎裂中的中子晕结构作用随靶核质量和碰撞参数的增加而减弱.