铜表面纳米Cu—Zn复合层的摩擦磨损特性

采用复合粉末高压成形技术在粗晶铜基体表面成功制备了纳米晶Cu—Zn合金表面层；在MG-2000型高速高温摩擦磨损试验机上考察了纳米复合层的摩擦磨损特性；采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪观察分析了纳米合金层磨损表面形貌及主要元素的化学状态．结果表明：纳米晶Cu—Zn合金经300℃退火后β相中析出超细α相，使其表现出最佳力学性能和耐磨性能；在载荷60～160N范围内，经300℃退火处理的纳米晶表面层在摩擦过程中形成薄而连续的主要由纳米Cu—Zn、ZnO和Fe2O3等组成的致密复合薄膜，从而使耐磨性能和承载能力大幅度提高；ZnO可以有效地填充摩擦表面膜中的空隙和抑制裂纹的扩展，从而使纳米Cu—Zn合金层保持良好的减摩抗磨性能．     

液体表面现象的演示设计

介绍了有关液体表面层、单液膜和双面膜球形气泡内外压强差的比较以及毛细现象中液面高度随半径变化规律的演示设计和实验方法.     

Effect of Gd doping on the magnetism and work function of Fe1-xGdx/Fe（001）

The magnetism and work function Ф of Fe1-xGdx/Fe （001） films have been investigated using first-principles methods based on the density functional theory. The calculated results reveal that Gd doping on the Fe （001） surface would greatly affect the geometrical structure of the system. The restruction of the surface atoms leads to the transition of magnetic coupling between Gd and Fe atoms from ferromagnetic （FM） for 0.5 ≤x ≤ 0.75 to antiferromagnetic （AFM） for x = 1.0. For Fe1-xGdx/Fe （001） （x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0）, the charge transfer from Gd to Fe leads to a positive dipole formed on the surface, which is responsible for the decrease of the work function. Moreover, it is found that the magnetic moments of Fe and Gd on the surface layer can be strongly influenced by Gd doping. The changes of the work function and magnetism for Fe1-xGdx/Fe （001） can be explained by the electron transfer, the magnetic coupling interaction between Gd and Fe atoms, and the complex surface restruction. Our work strongly suggests that the doping of the metal with a low work function is a promising way for modulating the work function of the magnetic metal gate.     

Ge/Si混合物纳米薄膜中Ge钠米颗粒氧化态的XPS研究(英文)

pacc:7300,3320R TheoxidationstatesofGenanoparticlesin thesurfacelayerofGe/SifilmwerestudiedbyX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy.Newfeatures appearedatthehighbindingenergysideofthe XPSGe3dpeakwhensampleswereannealedin atmosphere,whichwerecausedbythelargein ter…     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING FOR THIN PLATE-LIKE STRUCTURES INCLUDING SURFACE EFFECTS BY USING STATE SPACE METHOD

<正>A three-dimensional(3-D)approach based on the state space method is proposed to study size-dependent mechanical properties of ultra-thin plate-like elastic structures considering surface effects.The structure is modeled as a laminate composed of a bulk bounded with upper and bottom surface layers,which are allowed to have different material properties from the bulk layer.State equations,including the surface properties of the structure,can be established on the basis of 3-D fundamental elasticity to analyze the size-dependent static characteristics of the thin plate-like structure.Compared with two-dimensional plate theories based size-dependent models for thin film structures in literature,the present 3-D approach is exact,which can provide benchmark results to assess the accuracy of 2-D plate theories and various numerical approaches. To show the feasibility of the proposed approach,a 3-D analytical solution for a simply supported plate-like thin structure including surface layers is derived.An algorithm is proposed for the calculation of the state equations obtained to ensure that the numerical results can reveal the surface effects clearly even for extremely thin surface layers.Numerical examples are carried out to exhibit the surface effects and some discussions are provided based on the results obtained.     

硅内表面氧扩散分布的测量

利用二次离子质谱分析,对氧化硅内表面进行了氧含量的深度分析,结果表明:硅内表面层确实存在着氧扩散层,对于不同的氧化方式制备的样品,氧扩散层厚度不一,氧的纵向浓度分布规律也不同,然而,当扩散层厚度大于峰值位置以后,它们的分布规律变得大致相同。     

玻璃表面层对薄膜光学参数测量的影响

利用p偏振光在镀膜平板玻璃前后表面反射光强比γ与膜层光学参数之间的密切关系,给出了玻璃表面层的光学参数分布。对典型的薄膜系统-单面镀膜与双面镀膜两种情况,理论分析了玻璃表面层对薄膜光学参数测量的影响。实验上对PMTES和SnO₂薄膜参数进行了测量,仅当计及玻璃表面层作用时,反射光强比γ的角度调制曲线才与理论拟合结果相吻合.     

考虑表面层厚度不确定的稳健性拓扑优化方法

采用增材制造工艺制备结构件时, 较差的成型精度和表面粗糙度会导致结构表面层异质, 引起表面层厚度的不确定性. 为了研究不确定性对拓扑优化结构性能的影响, 进而获得对不确定性具有更低敏感性的结构构型, 提出了考虑结构表面层厚度不确定性的稳健性拓扑优化方法. 首先, 采用一种基于腐蚀操作的表面层识别技术, 通过基于Helmholtz偏微分方程的PDE光滑过滤和基于Heaviside过滤、tanh函数的离散映射两个过程实现表面层异质等效模型的建立. 其次, 将表面层厚度作为服从高斯分布的随机变量, 基于摄动有限元方法开展了不确定性传播的分析和系统随机响应的预测; 以结构柔顺性均值和标准差的加权和作为优化目标, 建立了考虑表面层厚度不确定性的拓扑优化模型, 并推导了目标函数关于设计变量的敏度. 最后, 通过数值算例验证了该方法的有效性. 数值结果表明, 在设计过程中考虑表面层厚度不确定性对结构性能的影响, 可以得到具有更强抵抗不确定性能力的结构构型, 有效提升了结构性能的稳健性.      

SiO-2包覆超细CaCO-3的结构和机理分析

合成了表面包覆SiO2的超细CaCO3。通过XPS，XRD对包覆表面层结构的分析，证实了SiO2以无定形包覆于CaCO3表面，并在其表面形成了Si-O-Ca键。对SiO2包覆超细CaCO3的机理分析结果可知：Na2SiO3的加入量是影响包覆效率的重要因素，由于硅酸易自聚，控制SiO2与CaCO3的重量比约为4％－5％时为包覆的最佳点；CaCO3晶粒度大小影响分散性能，进而影响包覆效率，分散性能好的包覆效率较高。