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质心和质心系是大学物理中重要的概念.本文首先通过运动学分析,得到了物体运动的动量、角动量及动能在惯性系和质心系之间的变换关系,这些变换关系有着与伽利略相对性原理中的位置变换和速度变换完全相似的简单形式.然后通过动力学分析得到了质心系下物体运动所满足的力学规律.这进一步加深了我们对宏观物体运动图像的理解,即宏观物体运动可以看作是随质心的平动和相对于质心的转动的叠加,而质心的运动和质心系下相对于质心的运动都满足形式相对简单的力学定律,可以方便地求解.通过本文的讨论,突出了质心和质心系在工科大学物理力学教学中的重要作用,并且把相对运动、惯性系和非惯性系等力学重要概念联系起来,以有效加深学生对力学整体框架、物体运动图像及力学规律的认识. 相似文献
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不确定关系是量子物理中的一个重要内容,如何在较少学时的理工科非物理专业大学物理课程中简洁地讲授这部分内容具有很大的挑战性.本文从给理工科非物理专业学生讲授量子不确定关系时所遇到的一些问题和解决办法入手,给出了不确定关系的几种引入方案,以求从不同的角度加深对不确定关系的理解.抛砖引玉,期望这能够给教师同仁们一些启迪. 相似文献
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The nature of spin-state phase transition is investigated with [Fe(C4H4N2){Pt(CN)4}] that is a novel 3D Hofmann—like compound. The bistability of this system is obtained by the first-principles calculation. It is demonstrated that thermal expansion is the intrinsic force involved in spin-state transition. Based on these results, we suggest a thermal exciting bistable model of spin-state transition with a temperature dependent crystal-field splitting (CFS). Experimental evidence of spin-state phase transition coincides with our theoretical model. This model approaches something fundamental in the mechanism leading to the transition, and it is important in developing new and practical controllable quantum devices. 相似文献
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This paper investigates theoretically the influence of magnetization
on fatigue life by using non-equilibrium statistical theory of
fatigue fracture for metals. The fatigue microcrack growth rate is
obtained from the dynamic equation of microcrack growth, where the
influence of magnetization is described by an additional term in the
potential energy of microcrack. The statistical value of fatigue
life of metal under magnetic field is derived, which is expressed in
terms of magnetic field and macrophysical as well as microphysical
quantities. The fatigue life of AISI 4140 steel in static magnetic
field from this theory is basically consistent with the experimental
data. 相似文献