方位各向异性黏弹性介质波场有限元模拟

随着裂缝性储集层的地位越来越重要，黏弹性各向异性介质中地震波传播理论的研究也越来越受到重视.在弱黏滞性条件下，针对标准线性黏弹性体模型，采用时间增量法，在每一个时间步长确定黏弹性变形及载荷，并在计算下一个时间步长的黏弹性变形时把它加载进去，建立类似于解弹性问题的黏弹性方位各向异性介质波动方程的有限元递推公式.数值模拟给出了黏弹性波在地球介质中的波场传播特征. 关键词： 黏弹性 方位各向异性 有限元 时间增量法     

横观各向同性介质中弹性波的吸收边界条件

在数值求解固体中的弹性波动问题时，常需引入吸收边界条件来限制大范围或无边界的求解区域，使数值计算得以顺利进行。本文通过合成简单的一阶偏微分算子，给出了横观各向同性介质中弹性波的吸收边界条件，其中每个单一的算子均可完全吸收沿某一角度出射的平面波。文中还基于弹性波的势函数理论，导出了准Ｐ波和准Ｓ波在吸收边界处的反射系数公式，用以检验其吸收能力。本文所给出的吸收条件，形式简单，且算例表明吸收效果良好，因     

地形构造中地震波传播的非对称交错网格模拟

提出了一种新的三维空间对称交错网格差分方法,模拟地形构造中弹性波传播过程．通过具有二阶时间精度和四阶空间精度的不规则网格差分算子用来近似一阶弹性波动方程,引入附加差分公式解决非均匀交错网格的不对称问题．该方法无需在精细网格和粗糙网格间进行插值,所有网格点上的计算在同一次空间迭代中完成．使用精细不规则网格处理海底粗糙界面、 断层和空间界面等复杂几何构造, 理论分析和数值算例表明, 该方法不但节省了大量内存和计算时间, 而且具有令人满意的稳定性和精度．在模拟地形构造中地震波传播时,该方法比常规方法效率更高．     

各向异性介质中弹性波传问题的数值解法

通过运用速度－应力有限差分法研究方位各向异性介质中的弹性波传播问题，在计算实施过程中，使用了交错网格技术，为了减少计算量，首次引入了适用于各向异性体的吸收边界条件，并对角点处的吸收做特殊的处理，算例表明，该算法不仅具有较高的精度；与传统方法相比，计算时间也大为缩短，从而可望在实际中获得良好的应用前景。     

Seismic propagation simulation in complex media with non-rectangular irregular-grid finite-difference

This paper presents a finite-difference (FD) method with spatially non-rectangular irregular grids to simulate the elastic wave propagation. Staggered irregular grid finite difference operators with a second-order time and spatial accuracy are used to approximate the velocity-stress elastic wave equations. This method is very simple and the cost of computing time is not much. Complicated geometries like curved thin layers, cased borehole and nonplanar interfaces may be treated with nonrectangular irregular grids in a more flexible way. Unlike the multi-grid scheme, this method requires no interpolation between the fine and coarse grids and all grids are computed at the same spatial iteration. Compared with the rectangular irregular grid FD, the spurious diffractions from “staircase” interfaces can easily be eliminated without using finer grids. Dispersion and stability conditions of the proposed method can be established in a similar form as for the rectangular irregular grid scheme. The Higdon‘s absorbing boundary condition is adopted to eliminate boundary reflections. Numerical simulations show that this method has satisfactory stability and accuracy in simulating wave propagation near rough solid-fluid interfaces. The computation costs are less than those using a regular grid and rectangular grid FD method.     

Wave Dispersion and Attenuation in Partially Saturated Sandstones

We investigate the wave dispersion and attenuation in partially water-saturated sandstones based on the improved Biot/squirt (BISQ) model in which the saturation is introduced. Numerical experiments indicate that the phase velocity of the fast P-wave decreases as the saturation increases in the low-frequency range (10^2-10^4 Hz), and reaches the minimum at the full-saturation state. The behaviour of the phase velocity varying with the saturation in the high-frequency range (10^4-10^6 Hz), however, is opposite to that in the low-frequency range. The peak value of P-wave attenuation increases with increasing saturation, and is the maximum at the fully saturated state. Numerical models and experiments show that the improved BISQ model is better than the traditional Gassmann-Biot model.     

Simulation seismic wave propagation in topographic structures using asymmetric staggered grids

A new 3 D finite- difference ( FD ) method of spatially asymmetric staggered grids was presented to simulate elastic wave propagation in topographic structures. The method approximated the first-order elastic wave equations by irregular grids finite difference operator with second-order time precise and fourth-order spatial precise. Additional introduced finite difference formula solved the asymmetric problem arisen in non-uniform staggered grid scheme, The method had no interpolation between the fine and coarse grids. All grids were computed at the same spatial iteration. Complicated geometrical structures like rough submarine interface, fault and nonplanar interfaces were treated with fine irregular grids. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that this method saves considerable memory and computing time, at the same time, has satisfactory stability and accuracy.     

平面粘性流体扰动与哈密顿体系

通过变分原理,将哈密顿体系的理论引入到平面粘性流体扰动的问题中,导出一套哈密顿算子矩阵的本征函数向量展开求解问题的方法。基于直接法求解流体力学基本方程,导出流场一般特征关系,通过本征值的求解及本征向量的叠加,得到波扰动解,继可分析流场端部效应。从而在该领域用在哈密顿体系下辛几何空间中研究问题的方法代替了传统在拉格朗日体系欧几里德空间分析问题的方法。为流体力学的研究提供一条新途径。     

多尺度辛格式求解复杂介质波传问题

在哈密顿体系中引入小波分析,利用辛格式和紧支正交小波对波动方程的时、空间变量进行联合离散近似,构造了多尺度辛格式——MSS（Multiresolution Symplectic Scheme）．将地震波传播问题放在小波域哈密顿体系下的多尺度辛几何空间中进行分析,利用小波基与辛格式的特性,有效改善了计算效率,可解决波动力学长时模拟追踪的稳定性与逼真性．